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8th Grade Science Unit 7

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  • What are particulates and how do they affect lungs?
    Tiny particles that damage alveoli walls creating fewer, larger spaces in lungs
  • What is the term for the food you eat each day?
    Diet
  • What is at the base of the food pyramid?
    Carbohydrates such as rice, bread, and pasta
  • How does a person begin life?
    As a single cell
  • Name three benefits of exercise.
    Helps burn energy, strengthens heart and muscles, improves mood
  • What disease is caused by vitamin C deficiency?
    Scurvy
  • What should be consumed in moderation according to the food pyramid?
    Sweets and fried foods
  • How does nicotine affect blood vessels?
    Damages and narrows them, making blood flow harder
  • What is cellulose?
    The main component of fibre found in plant cell walls
  • Why do young people need more protein than adults?
    To build new cells while growing
  • Why do muscles work in pairs called antagonistic muscles?
    Because muscles can only pull, not push
  • What mineral is necessary for strong bones and teeth?
    Calcium
  • What happens if you consume more energy than your body uses?
    Weight gain
  • What's the difference between fats and oils?
    Fats remain solid at room temperature, while oils are liquid
  • What sources provide vitamin C?
    Citrus fruits, potatoes, and colorful berries
  • Why do inactive people need fewer carbohydrates than active people?
    They use less energy
  • What is the function of protein in the body?
    Cell production, tissue repair, and formation of important substances like haemoglobin and antibodies
  • What is unique about vitamin D compared to other vitamins?
    The body can produce it when skin is exposed to sunlight
  • What five factors affect how much energy a person needs?
    Activity level, resting lifestyle, genetics, growth phase, and body size
  • What substance in tobacco causes cancer?
    Tar
  • How does carbon monoxide affect the body?
    Combines with hemoglobin preventing oxygen transport
  • What makes bones hard and strong?
    Calcium
  • Why do pregnant women need more iron?
    To produce hemoglobin in both the mother's and baby's blood
  • What type of joint is the elbow?
    Hinge joint
  • How can excess animal fats affect health?
    Contribute to heart disease
  • What addictive substance is found in tobacco?
    Nicotine
  • What is fibre and why is it important?
    A non-nutrient that helps prevent constipation by keeping the digestive process moving smoothly
  • Name three sources of protein.
    Meat, beans, eggs, and dairy products
  • What mineral is required for haemoglobin production?
    Iron
  • Name three consequences of consuming too much sugar, fat, or carbohydrates.
    Tooth decay, diabetes risk, weight gain
  • What is an endoskeleton?
    A skeleton inside an animal's body
  • Why are joints necessary?
    Because bones themselves cannot bend
  • What is an embryo?
    A small ball of cells formed after cell division
  • When you bend your arm, which muscle contracts and which relaxes?
    Biceps contracts, triceps relaxes
  • What are the five stages of human development?
    Baby (0-1 year), Toddler (1-3 years), Child (4-12 years), Adolescent (13-18 years), Adult (18-20 years)
  • What two muscles work together to bend and straighten the arm?
    Biceps and triceps
  • What type of joint is the shoulder?
    Ball-and-socket joint
  • Where does the body store carbohydrates for short-term energy?
    In the liver and muscles
  • What are good sources of vitamin A?
    Green vegetables, carrots, squash, dairy products, and some fish
  • What is the difference between growth and development?
    Development involves changes in the body's functions and abilities, not just size
  • Until what age does the human body continue to grow?
    About 18-20 years old
  • What additional function does stored fat provide besides energy storage?
    Heat insulation
  • What is an exoskeleton?
    A skeleton on the outside of an animal's body
  • What animals have exoskeletons?
    Insects and other arthropods
  • What happens when the body breaks down starch?
    It converts to glucose
  • What vitamin is crucial for healthy vision?
    Vitamin A
  • What is muscle contraction?
    When muscle cells make themselves shorter
  • What can vitamin A deficiency lead to?
    Night blindness
  • What condition can vitamin D deficiency cause?
    Rickets
  • What are the body's primary source of energy?
    Carbohydrates
  • Why do pregnant women need more protein than usual?
    To support the growth of their baby
  • When you straighten your arm, which muscle contracts and which relaxes?
    Triceps contracts, biceps relaxes
  • What connects muscles to bones?
    Tendons
  • Where is fat stored in the body?
    In specialized cells under the skin and around organs
  • Why do pregnant women and growing children need protein and energy?
    To help cells divide and support growth
  • What percentage of the human body is water?
    Approximately 60%
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