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Key People and Events of Jefferson's Era

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  • John Adams
    President who appointed Marbury ("A Midnight Judge").
  • War of 1812
    Conflict that started because the British were impressing U.S. sailors. Ended with the Treaty of Ghent. Proved to the world that the U.S. was strong.
  • War Hawk
    A person, many of whom were Southerners who believed that the United States should engage in the War of 1812.
  • John Marshall
    Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that presided over the Marbury vs. Madison case and ruled in favor of Madison.
  • Sacagawea
    Native American girl, who served as a translator, guide, and symbol of peace on the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
  • States Rights
    The idea that states should have the right to nullify any federal law that is harmful.
  • Toussaint L'Ouverture
    Led a slave revolt in Haiti.
  • Embargo Act
    In response to British impressment, Jefferson stops trade with all nations.
  • Napoleon
    Commander of the French military, who was more concerned with fighting his battles in Europe than keeping Louisiana, in North America.
  • Judicial Review
    The right of the Supreme Court to declare a law or a president's actions unconstitutional.
  • Monroe
    Sent with Robert Livingston to negotiate the purchase of the Louisiana Territory.
  • The Northwest Passage
    This was not found during the Lewis and Clark expedition.
  • York
    Clark's slave, who was a master guide, hunter, and woodsman.
  • John Q. Adams
    Helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent.
  • Madison
    Thomas Jefferson's Secretary of State that was ordered not to turn in Marbury's appointment to the Supreme Court.
  • Lame Duck
    The period of time when a president has either lost an election or did not run for re-election and is waiting for the new President to be inaugurated.
  • Laissez-Faire
    "To let alone." A philosophy in which the government should leave the economy alone and not interfere with business.
  • Alexander Hamilton
    Federalist, who believed in giving the federal government a lot of power and was focused on industry vs. farming.
  • Talleyrand
    French Foreign Minister that negotiated the Louisiana Purchase with America.
  • The Second War for American Independence
    The nickname for the War of 1812.
  • Meriwether Lewis
    A Captain in the U.S. army that was the first in command of the Corps of Discovery.
  • Capitalism
    An economy based upon profit and competition.
  • Nullify
    To cancel out a Federal law.
  • Treaty of Ghent
    Treaty that ended the War of 1812.
  • Midnight Judge
    A judge that was appointed in the last moments of a President's term.
  • Impressment
    The act of British sailors taking over American ships, capturing sailors, and forcing them to serve in the British navy.
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