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C1 Atomic Structure

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  • What is the radius of an atom?
    0.1 nm
  • What method separates liquids with different boiling points?
    Distillation
  • What is the name of group 7?
    Halogens
  • What charge do group 1 ions form?
    +1
  • What colour is sodium when placed in a flame?
    Yellow/orange
  • What is the relative charge of an electron?
    negative -1
  • What does distillation separate?
    Liquids with different boiling points
  • How many electrons are in the outer shell of the halogens?
    7
  • What is the relative mass of an electron?
    nearly 0, 1/2000, very small
  • What do we call atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
    Isotopes
  • What is an atom?
    The smallest particle which makes up everything
  • What colour and state is bromine at room temperature?
    Orange/brown liquid
  • What does the group number of an element tell us?
    The number of electrons in the outside shell
  • Who conducted the alpha scattering experiment?
    Rutherford
  • Give 3 typical properties of non-metals.
    Dull, brittle, low density, low MP, low BP
  • What is a mixture?
    two or more elements or compounds NOT chemically combined
  • What does chromatography separate?
    Soluble solids dissolved in the same solvent
  • Who said the atom was a tiny indivisible sphere?
    Dalton
  • Chlorine + Sodium Bromide -->
    Sodium Chloride + Bromine
  • What does the atomic number tell us?
    Number of protons (and electrons)
  • Why does reactivity increase down group 1?
    More shells, more shielding, weaker nuclear attraction, loses an electron more easily
  • What colour is lithium when placed in a flame?
    Red
  • What method separates soluble solids dissolved in the same solvent?
    Chromatography
  • What was the last particle to be discovered? (by Chadwick)
    Neutron
  • What did Bohr discover?
    Shells (energy levels)
  • What is the relative charge of a proton?
    Positive +1
  • How does sodium react in water?
    Effervescence (fizzes), forms a ball, floats on water until disappears
  • Why are group 0 unreactive?
    They have a full outer shell of electrons
  • Why does reactivity decrease down group 7?
    More shells, more shielding, weaker nuclear attraction, harder to gain an electron
  • Describe the trend in reactivity down group 7.
    Reactivity decreases down group 7.
  • Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
    For elements which had not yet been discovered.
  • What colour is potassium when placed in a flame?
    lilac
  • Who created the plum pudding model?
    JJ Thomson
  • How did Newlands arrange his periodic table?
    Octaves
  • What are the 4 methods of separation?
    filtration, evaporation/crystallisation, distillation, chromatography
  • Who discovered the neutron?
    Chadwick
  • What colour and state is iodine at room temperature?
    Purple/black solid
  • What is an element?
    Made from only 1 type of atom
  • Why did Mendeleev switch I and Te around?
    Based on their chemical properties
  • Describe the plum pudding model
    Ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded within
  • Give 3 typical properties of metals
    Shiny, hard, dense, malleable, ductile, high MP, high BP
  • Give 3 properties of group 1
    Soft, can easily be cut, high reactivity, low density
  • What happened when Rutherford fired alpha particles at the atom?
    They were deflected from the centre
  • Define diatomic. Which elements are diatomic?
    Two atoms. H, O, N, group 7
  • How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table?
    Atomic weight
  • What does the period tell us?
    The number of shells (energy levels)
  • What does filtration separate?
    Insoluble solid from a solvent
  • Is alpha positively or negatively charged?
    Positively
  • What is the name of group 1?
    Alkali Metals
  • Which 2 processes are involved in distillation?
    Evaporation and Condensation
  • What is the name of group 0?
    Noble gases
  • Iodine + Sodium Bromide -->
    No reaction
  • What is the relative mass of a proton?
    1
  • Describe the trend in reactivity down group 1
    Reactivity increases down group 1
  • Which part of the atom did Rutherford discover?
    Nucleus
  • What is an isotope?
    Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
  • What does evaporation/crystallisation separate?
    Soluble solid from a solution
  • What charge do group 7 ions form?
    -1
  • What is the relative mass of a neutron?
    1
  • What colour and state is chlorine at room temperature?
    Green gas
  • Why do atoms have no overall charge?
    Atoms have the same number of positive protons and negative electrons.
  • How does potassium react with water?
    Ignites with a lilac flame
  • How many electrons can go in the 1s, 2nd and 3rd shell?
    2,8,8
  • What is the relative charge of a neutron?
    0
  • What method separates an insoluble solid from a solvent?
    Filtration
  • What is a compound?
    two or more elements chemically combined
  • Fluorine + Sodium Bromide -->
    Sodium Fluoride + Bromine
  • What method separates a soluble solid from a solution?
    Evaporation/crystallisation
  • What does the mass number tell us?
    Protons + Neutrons
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