What did the discovery of Mungo Man tell scientists about First Nations people at that time?
that they had been here much longer than first thought
that they had spiritual beliefs
all of these
that they had been living as a community near Lake Mungo
If a newer object is found in a lower strata than an older object, what could have happened to move them?
a tsunami
a cyclone
an earthquake
a flood
What has remained the same from Ancient Aboriginal culture?
Sacred sites and locations, totems, art, connection to land, sharing stories
Why did archaeologists believe people originated from Africa?
From fossils and remains that were discovered
What is an Archaeologist?
Someone who studies ancient history through "digging up" sites
What is the significance of sacred sites for Ancient Aboriginal cultures?
Allows people to maintain an attachment to cultural history, stories, and to country
What is a Primary Source?
An artefact or source FROM the time that is being studied
When there are similarities between artefacts from different time periods, we call this c_____________
continuity
What is contestability?
Different interpretations and conclusions that are made about historical events - different perspectives
Who was the oldest known burial?
Mungo Man
An physical object created at the time we are studying is known as an
relic
souvenir
item
artefact
What is Chronology?
The measurement of time and arranging events in order in which they occured.
Which is one way that Indigenous Australians Do Not pass down their knowledge?
dance
writing
song
stories
In undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top
Law of Superman
Law of Stratigraphy
Law of Superscedence
Law of Superposition
Which of these items would we expect to find in the deepest stratum?
ballpoint pen
PS5
horseshoe
car steering wheel
What evidence to archaeologists need to make a decision about the past?
bones, fossils, building remains, pottery, jewellery, weapons tools - artefacts
What are homo-sapiens?
What we know today as "humans"
What does CE and BCE mean?
Common Era and Before Common Era
Ancient Indigenous paints were not made of . . .
clay
ochre
oil
charcoal
Humans supposedly migrated from Africa towards other areas of the world around 1.5 million years ago. This is called the ______ __ ________ Theory.
Out of Africa
What is ochre?
a natural pigment that comes from iron-rich clay and is used to create colors ranging from yellow to brown
Layers of earth are called
strata/stratum
Fire Stick farming is . . .
used to encourage grass growth and attract animals
an Indigenous tradition where groups of people come together
planting specific trees that are great at starting fires
a game young Indigenous people play
What is agriculture?
the practice of cultivating land, raising crops, and breeding and raising livestock
The first people left Africa and migrated to different places - why did they leave?
Climate change and lack of resources - so they could survive
Which of these tools was used for hunting?
axe
eel trap
stick
chisel
Indigenous Australians' stories of creation are known as the ____________
Dreamtime
What is it called when a people group move from place to place?
tribal
nomadic
movers
borrowers
What are some changes from Ancient Aboriginal culture?
Land ownership, languages, westernised living
Which of these technologies were NOT used at Budj Bim?
woven fabric
dams
eel traps
canoes
Which of these items would we expect to find in the shallowest stratum?
ballpoint pen
PS5
car steering wheel
TV
The age of Mungo Man is contested (different opinions), why is this a challenge for historians?
Because it proves that their findings can be contested and changes what they know about when first people migrated from Africa
What are the two (2) periods of time on a timeline?
BCE & CE
What is a land bridge?
an area of earth that connected one continent to another
According to Indigenous Australians, how long have they been in Australia for?
42000 years
20000 years
forever
100000 years
What is a heritage site?
places with environmental, historical and social value that need to be protected
What material was used to make canoes?
wood/bark