Since she hadn’t studied enough, she struggled with the exam.
Not having studied enough, she struggled with the exam.
Because he didn’t know the answer, he remained silent.
Not knowing the answer, he remained silent.
After she completed the project, she took a break.
Having completed the project, she took a break.
She apologized because she arrived late.
She apologized for arriving late.
I appreciate the fact that you helped me with the report.
I appreciate your helping me with the report.
Because he didn’t know the answer, he remained silent.
Not knowing the answer, he remained silent.
He looked for his lost keys for hours. (SPEND)
He spent hours looking for his lost keys.
When I jog every morning, I feel more energetic.
Jogging every morning boosts my energy.
I saw that they were discussing the proposal.
I saw them discussing the proposal.
Since I was assigned a mentor, my first week was easier.
Being assigned a mentor made my first week easier.
She refused to talk about the incident. (AVOID)
She avoided talking about the incident.
Since the economy is improving, businesses are hiring more staff.
With the economy improving, businesses are hiring more staff.
Complaining about the weather won’t change it. (USE)
It’s no use complaining about the weather.
I / can’t stand / wait / in long queues.
She always laughs at his jokes. (HELP)
She can’t help laughing at his jokes.
When you travel alone, you learn a lot about yourself.
Traveling alone teaches you a lot about yourself.
After she turned off the lights, she left the office.
Turning off the lights, she left the office.
Arguing with him won’t change his mind. (POINT)
There’s no point in arguing with him.
Since I hadn’t been informed about the meeting, I missed it.
Not having been informed about the meeting, I missed it.
As soon as he finished the book, he recommended it to me.
On finishing the book, he recommended it to me.