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11.5 The Gilded Age and Progressive Era

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  • The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887) was to:
    Regulate railroads and prevent unfair business practices
    Limit the power of unions
    Promote free trade between states
    Allow government ownership of railroads
  • The term “trust-busting” refers to:
    Creating government-run businesses
    Breaking up monopolies that reduced competition
    Supporting trusts to encourage economic growth
    Helping political machines gain power
  • The term "New Immigrants" refers to those who arrived from:
    Africa and Asia
    Latin America and Canada
    Northern and Western Europe
    Southern and Eastern Europe
  • Why did labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor (AFL) form?
    To oppose industrialization
    To improve wages, hours, and working conditions for workers
    To eliminate government intervention
    To promote big business
  • Which event led to major workplace safety reforms in the early 20th century?
    The Pullman Strike
    The Homestead Strike
    The Haymarket Affair
    The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
  • Which industrialist is most associated with the expansion of the steel industry in the Gilded Age?
    John D. Rockefeller
    Andrew Carnegie
    Cornelius Vanderbilt
    J.P. Morgan
  • Who founded the Hull House to help immigrants and the urban poor?
    Ida B. Wells
    Jane Addams
    Susan B. Anthony
    Carrie Chapman Catt
  • Which of the following best describes laissez-faire economics?
    Government should not interfere in the economy
    Workers should set economic policies
    Businesses should be owned by the government
    Government should regulate business for fair competition
  • The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) was significant because it:
    Encouraged more immigration from Asia
    Provided citizenship to Chinese immigrants
    The first major restriction on immigration in U.S. history
    Led to increased economic opportunities for immigrants
  • The main goal of the Populist Party was to:
    Represent the interests of farmers and laborers
    Promote the interests of industrialists
    Support unregulated business expansion
    End Progressive reforms
  • What was a significant impact of the Progressive Era reforms?
    Large corporations became more powerful
    State governments lost all control over laws
    Government took a more active role in regulating the economy
    Immigration to the U.S. stopped
  • The Social Gospel movement emphasized:
    The Christian responsibility to address social problems
    The importance of business over religion
    That laissez-faire policies would help the poor
    That wealth was a sign of divine favor
  • Which of the following best describes the main goal of Progressive political reforms like the initiative, referendum, and recall?
    To limit voter participation
    To expand the power of political machines
    To give businesses more power over laws
    To make the government more responsive to the people
  • What did the 17th Amendment change about the U.S. Senate?
    It increased the number of senators per state
    It allowed senators to serve unlimited terms
    It established the direct election of senators
    It gave senators the power to override presidential vetoes
  • What was the significance of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle?
    It resulted in the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act
    It led to reforms in labor laws
    It exposed the poor working conditions of factory workers
    All of the above
  • The main purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) was to:
    Expand the spoils system
    Support the influence of political machines
    Increase presidential power over the government
    Reform government hiring by requiring merit-based exams
  • What was the primary goal of the Progressive movement?
    Supporting laissez-faire economics
    Expanding U.S. territory
    Reducing government intervention in business
    Addressing social/political issues caused by Gilded Age
  • Which president is most associated with the Square Deal and trust-busting?
    William McKinley
    Woodrow Wilson
    Herbert Hoover
    Theodore Roosevelt
  • Jacob Riis’ book How the Other Half Lives focused on:
    The corruption of politicians
    The benefits of capitalism
    The struggles of farmers
    The problems faced by urban poor and immigrants
  • What was a major effect of the assembly line, introduced by Henry Ford?
    Encouraged monopolies in the automobile industry
    Increased efficiency and reduced production costs
    Decreased industrial production
    Limited job opportunities for factory workers
  • The 16th Amendment allowed for:
    A federal income tax
    Direct election of senators
    Women’s suffrage
    Prohibition of alcohol
  • What was the main goal of muckrakers?
    To support monopolies
    To expose corruption and social injustices
    To advocate for laissez-faire policies
    To promote unrestricted immigration
  • What was the main goal of the temperance movement?
    More immigration restrictions
    Women’s suffrage
    Prohibition of alcohol
    Expansion of factory jobs
  • The purpose of literacy tests and poll taxes in the South was to:
    Ensure voters were well-informed
    Prevent African Americans from voting
    Promote Progressive-era political reforms
    Increase voter participation
  • Which African American leader advocated for immediate civil rights and co-founded the NAACP?
    W.E.B. Du Bois
    Marcus Garvey
    Frederick Douglass
    Booker T. Washington
  • The Federal Reserve System was created to:
    Regulate the banking industry and control money supply
    Prevent immigrants from entering the country
    Limit government control of the economy
    Support monopolies and big businesses
  • What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?
    To break up trusts/monopolies that restricted competition
    To legalize monopolies
    To regulate child labor
    To limit the power of labor unions
  • What was the goal of the 19th Amendment?
    Direct election of senators
    Ending child labor
    Women’s suffrage
    Prohibition of alcohol
  • The term “robber barons” was used to describe some Gilded Age businessmen because they:
    Used unethical practices to eliminate competition
    Encouraged competition and innovation
    Supported government regulation of business
    Paid workers high wages
  • Which reformer is known for leading the fight against lynching?
    Ida B. Wells
    Carrie Nation
    Margaret Sanger
    Susan B. Anthony
  • What was the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
    It ended segregation in the South
    It legalized racial segregation under “separate but equal”
    It declared Jim Crow laws unconstitutional
    It expanded voting rights for African Americans
  • The term “political machine” refers to:
    A system of checks and balances
    A group that controlled local government through corruption
    A new type of factory equipment
    A reform movement in urban politics
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