Which poet, military leader, and politician wrote "Peril of Sziget" and led campaigns against the Ottomans and Habsburgs in the 17th century?
Miklós Zrínyi
Which fort system developed as a response to continuous warfare between Habsburg and Ottoman forces?
border castle system
What was the role of Transylvania in the Thirty Years’ War?
t allied with Protestant forces against the Habsburgs and launched campaigns into Habsburg-controlled Hungary.
Which Hungarian king died at the Battle of Mohács?
Louis II
Which city became the administrative center of Ottoman Hungary?
Buda
When was the recapturing of Buda from the Ottomans?
1686
Which Transylvanian prince is on today's paper money?
Gábor Bethlen
What happened in 1526?
the Battle of Mohács, fall of medieval Hungary
What was the name of the alliance, formed in 1684 under Pope Innocent XI, that aimed to expel the Ottomans from Central Europe?
the Holy League
Which ethnic groups made up the majority of Transylvania’s population during the early modern period?
Hungarians (Magyars), Székelys, Saxons, and Romanians
Which 1670-1671 revolt against Habsburg rule, led by nobles such as Ferenc Wesselényi, was crushed by the Austrian authorities?
The Wesselényi Conspiracy
What was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania during most of its existence?
Gyulafehérvár
Which Hungarian agricultural product became a major export to the Ottoman Empire during the occupation?
cattle
What were the three main parts into which Hungary was divided after the Ottoman conquest?
Royal Hungary (under Habsburg rule), Ottoman Hungary, and the Principality of Transylvania
Which Hungarian fortress, defended by Miklós Zrínyi in 1566, fell to the Ottomans after a heroic last stand?
Szigetvár
Which religious policy made Transylvania one of the most tolerant regions in Europe during the 16th-17th centuries?
The Edict of Torda (1568), which granted religious freedom to Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, and Unitarians.
Who was the first prince of Transylvania, ruling from 1571 to 1586, and securing semi-independence under Ottoman suzerainty?
István Báthory
Which Holy Roman Emperor led the campaigns to push the Ottomans out of Hungary in the late 17th century?
Leopold I
What became the new centre of the Hun. Kingdom?
Pozsony/ Bratislava
Who was the Ottoman sultan leading the campaign against Hungary in 1526 and 1566?
Suleiman I
What was one of the major demographic effects of Ottoman rule on Hungary?
Depopulation of central Hungary due to constant warfare and migration of Hungarians to the north and west.
Which event in 1678 saw a Hungarian noble establish an anti-Habsburg principality under Ottoman protection?
Thököly uprising
What happened at the Treaty of Vasvár?
(1664) was a peace agreement between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire, signed after the Battle of Szentgotthard. Despite the Habsburg victory, the
What was the name of the Habsburg-led war from 1683 to 1699 that resulted in the Ottoman retreat from Hungary?
Long Turkish War/ 15 Years War
What happened in 1699?
the Treaty of Karlóca
Which Hungarian noble was elected king by the nobility in opposition to the Habsburg candidate after the Battle of Mohács?
János Szapolyai
Which legendary Polish king played a crucial role in lifting the Siege of Vienna in 1683, preventing an Ottoman conquest of Austria?
John Sobieski
When did Buda fall to the hands of the Ottomans?
1541
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