the trading of crops between lowland and highland areas
vertical trade
the division of land into zones based on elevation, which in turn helps determine climate and vegetation
altitudinal zonation
the lowest elevation on mountains where snow remains year-round
snow line
Why is the tierra helada so cold?
Because of its high elevation
What is the highest elevation zone called?
Tierra helada (Frost Country)
How long is the Andes mountain range?
4,500 miles
What is the second-longest river in the world that flows through South America?
The Amazon River
In which elevation zone is coffee commonly grown?
Tierra templada (Cool Country)
How many countries do the Andes pass through?
7
What is the largest country in South America by area?
Brazil
Which two elevation zones are too cold for most crops?
Tierra fría and tierra helada
How much does the temperature drop for every 1,000 feet of elevation?
3.5°F
Which country is home to the Atacama Desert?
Chile
What is the fourth-largest continent in the world?
South America
What is the lowest elevation zone called?
Tierra caliente (Hot Country)
The link between climate and elevation is based on two factors.
solar energy and gravity
What are the Andes often called because of their shape and location?
The "backbone of South America"
What are the three sections of the Andes?
The Northern Andes, Central Andes, and Southern Andes
Name the tallest mountain in the Andes.
Mount Aconcagua
How many countries are in South America?
12
What makes the air warmer and denser at lower elevations?
Gravity
What ocean lies to the west of South America?
The Pacific Ocean
the creation of flat areas on mountain slopes for the purpose of farming
terracing
the highest elevation where trees grow on a mountain
tree line
What major rainforest is found in South America?
The Amazon Rainforest