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Y13 Synthesis and Analysis

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  • State the mechanism for the reaction bromine and ethene
    Electrophilic Addition
  • Give the name of the alcohol and carboxylic acid used to make ethyl propanoate
    Ethanol and Propanoic acid
  • Describe how you would identify the presence of a carbonyl group without using spectroscopy.
    Add 2,4-DNP in a test tube with the sample. Brick red precipitate forms.
  • Name the type of reaction that occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester.
    Esterification OR Condensation reaction
  • What type of bond is formed between amino acids during a condensation reaction?
    Amide or Peptide bond
  • What is the molecular formula of 2-nitromethylbenzene?
    C7H7NO2
  • Calculate the percentage by mass of P in P3N3Cl6.
    26.7%
  • What is the name of the polymer formed when ethanedioic acid reacts with ethanediol?
    Polyester (specifically poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET).
  • State a difference between the Kekule model and the delocalised model of Benzene.
    Enthalpy of hydrogenation, reaction mechanism differences (addition vs substitution), bond lengths
  • State what would happen in a reaction between potassium dichromate and methyl propan-2-ol? Give a reason for your answer.
    Nothing - it is a tertiary alcohol.
  • What reagent and conditions are required to reduce a nitrobenzene to phenylamine?
    Reagent: Tin and H+ and Conditions: Heat under reflux
  • Describe a test tube reaction that can I identify an aliphatic alkene.
    Add bromine water, orange to colourless.
  • What is the reaction mechanism for the reaction between ethene and hydrogen bromide?
    Electrophilic addition
  • How do you calculate Rf value?
    Distance moved by component divided by distance moved by solvent.
  • What is the Mr of 2-nitromethylbenzene?
    137
  • What volume, in cm3, does 1 mole of carbon dioxide have?
    24,000
  • State the mechanism for the reaction bromine and benzene
    Electrophilic Substitution
  • What is the reaction mechanism for the nitration of benzene?
    Electrophilic Substitution
  • What is the empirical formula of a compound with 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by mass?
    CH2O
  • State the 3 phases of Free Radical Substitution.
    Initiation, Propagation, Termination
  • Why do all average bond enthalpies have to be positive?
    Bond energy is defined as the average energy required to break (endo) one mole of a specific bond in the gas phase.
  • What test distinguishes between ketones and aldehydes
    Tollen's reagent OR Silver Mirror Test
  • Silver nitrate reacts with phosphine, PH3, and water to produce an acid, silver and one other product. What is the other product?
    Nitric acid
  • What is the molecular ion peak in a mass spectrum?
    The peak with the highest mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) that represents the molecular ion (M⁺), which is the unfragmented ion of the compound.
  • State the mechanism for the reaction bromine and methane
    Free radical substitution
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