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Intro to Chemistry 2.2 Quiz Review

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  • ____ rays are sometimes emitted during nuclear decay, but this decay does not change one element into another element.
    Gamma
  • The number of protons in an atom of an element is the element’s ___.
    Atomic number
  • An ___ particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.
    Alpha
  • Protons and neutrons have about the same ___.
    Mass
  • ___ are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
    Isotopes
  • Most of the mass of an atom is in the ___.
    Nucleus
  • When alpha decay occurs, the atomic number of each atom that decays ___ by two.
    Decreases
  • Henri Becquerel first noticed that some elements spontaneously give off ___.
    Energy
  • Gamma rays contain a lot of ___ but no particles.
    Energy
  • ___ have much less mass than the other two particles in an atom.
    Electrons
  • Marie Curie called elements that spontaneously emit radiation ___.
    Radioactive
  • When atoms release particles of radiation, they change to different ___.
    Elements
  • Nuclear decay can produce three different types of ___.
    Radiation
  • Radiation is made of energy and particles that come from the ___ of radioactive atoms.
    Nuclei
  • When beta decay occurs, the atomic number of an atom ___ by one.
    Increases
  • The ___ of an element is the average mass of the element’s isotopes.
    Average atomic mass
  • The average atomic mass is ___ according to the abundance of each isotope.
    Weighted
  • A negative ion is an atom that has ___ electrons.
    Gained
  • An ___ is an atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost electrons.
    Ion
  • In a neutral atom, the number of ___ equals the number of protons because the number of negative charges must equal the number of positive charges.
    Electrons
  • A positive ion is an atom that has ___ electrons.
    Lost
  • Different elements contain different numbers of ___.
    Protons
  • ___ is a process that occurs when an unstable nucleus changes into another, more stable nucleus by emitting radiation.
    Nuclear decay
  • The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is the __ of the atom.
    Mass number
  • ___ occurs when a neutron in an atom changes into a proton and a high-energy electron called a beta particle.
    Beta decay
  • Energy released during radioactive decay can be either ___ or harmful.
    Beneficial
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