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Advanced modals and semi-modals

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  • She ________ studied really hard. She passed all her exams with excellent grades.
    must have
  • Sarah is very angry with her boyfriend. She's not sure, but she thinks that he ______________ cheated on her.
    may have / might have
  • I thought our neighbour was away on holiday, but she _____ be - I've just seen her in her garden.
    might not
    can't
    might
    must
  • The race has just started. He _____ be tired already!
    must
    might
    can't
  • Alice ________ worried about the exam, she passed with flying colours
    needn't have
  • What is direct investment?
    Investing in foreign businesses or assets directly
    Taking a loan from an international bank
    The interest rate applied to a foreign loan
    Buying shares in the stock market
  • What does “cook the books” mean?
    To illegally alter financial records
    to save money through budgeting
    to prepare accurate financial statements
    to invest in accounting software
  • He _________________known it was your birthday. Otherwise, I'm sure he would have wished you a happy birthday.
    can't have / couldn't have
  • I've tried calling, but there's no reply. Perhaps he's at the bank; he _____ be unable to use the phone.
    might
    can't
    must
  • What is a liability?
    A financial obligation or debt
    A type of interest bearing account
    A source of income
    An asset owned by a company
  • I had to wait 45 minutes for a bus yesterday. There _________ been an accident or maybe a strike.
    may have / might have
  • What is credit rating?
    A report detailing monthly account balances
    The credit limit offered by a financial institution
    An evaluation of a company’s ability to repay debt
    The interest rate applied to a loan
  • He lived in Argentina for five years so he _____ speak good Spanish!
    might not
    might
    can't
    must
  • What is a slump/recession?
    An interest bearing account
    A sharp increase in stock prices
    A period of economic decline with reduced activity
    A repayment of loans
  • You don't look well, I think it would be a good idea to see a doctor. TO
    I think you ought to see a doctor
  • When Jillian came home, her window was broken and her computer was missing. Someone ____________ broken into her house.
    must have
  • The concert is free, you ____________ pay
    don't have to
  • He ____________ arrived by now. It's only a 20 minute journey.
    must have
  • It _______be time for lunch, my stomach is rumbling
    must
  • There's no way that she did that. POSSIBLY
    She can't possibly have done that
  • We are not __________ to speak Spanish in class
    allowed/permitted
  • You _____ be very busy at work. You're always on Facebook!
    might
    can't
    might not
    must
  • I left my bicycle in front of the library and it's disappeared. Someone ____________ stolen it.
    must have
  • I noticed when I got to work that I didn't have my phone. I ____________ left it on the bus. I'm sure someone pickpocketed me!
    can't have / couldn't have
  • He ___________ bought a new car. He doesn't have any money.
    can't have / couldn't have
  • The boss is in a terrible mood. The meeting ____________ been good
    can't have / couldn't have
  • James could________ a really good football player but in the end, he wanted to concentrate on his studies
    have been
  • Sarah ___________ been so happy when she found out she was being promoted.
    must have
  • What is a dividend
    Money earned by selling shares
    A portion of a company’s earnings distributed to shareholde
    interest earned on bonds
    Total revenue of a company
  • You _______ have bought any milk, we have plenty
    needn't
  • She's late. It's possible she has got stuck in traffic. HAVE
    She may/might/could have got stuck in traffic
  • What is an economic bubble?
    A sharp increase in interest rates
    A market downturn over a long period
    A rapid increase in asset prices, followed by a crash
    A loan backed by collateral
  • You don't ______ to buy any milk, I think we have enough
    need/have
  • I could play the piano when I was 7 years old. TO
    I was able to play the piano when I was 7 years old
  • What does “to bet your bottom dollar” mean?
    To save the last of your money
    To lose all your savings
    To invest all your money in a new venture
    To be absolutely certain about something
  • What is a retail outlet?
    A distribution centre for wholesale trade
    A large warehouse for storing goods
    A platform for selling goods secondhand
    A location where goods are sold in a shop
  • I'm sorry but Samantha isn't here. She ____________ already left the office.
    must have
  • What is a cash cow?
    A risky business venture
    A product or business that generates easy profits
    A financial loss
    A tech innovation
  • You _________ to wear a mask in public spaces nowadays
    have
  • What is a bond?
    A fixed income security representing a loan
    A unit of ownership of a company
    A government subsidy
    An evaluation of financial records
  • The homework was really difficult but I ________ to do it in the end
    managed
  • Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It ______________ closed early.
    must have
  • Andrew did no revision for the exam but he passed. I think he __________ cheated.
    may have / might have
  • We should go now, it's getting late. HAD
    We had better go now, it's getting late
  • She looked upset, you ___________ spoken to her like that
    shouldn't have
  • You ____________ smoke in class
    mustn't/aren't allowed to/can't
  • John _________________ gone on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
    can't have / couldn't have
  • What is benchmarking
    comparing a company’s performance to competitors
    investing overseas
    evaluating company profits
    setting new prices to attract customers
  • What is a share?
    A fixed interest security
    A financial tool for developing economic activity
    A loan secured by assets
    A unit of ownership in a company
  • I'm not sure, but the new assistant _____ be Italian. Her surname is Rossi.
    might not
    might
    can't
    must
  • What does “money talks” mean?
    money is hard to earn
    people to talk about money and business
    wealth guarantees happiness
    Wealth gives people influence and power
  • What is a subsidy?
    A payment made in taxes for businesses
    A payment made for a loan
    Financial aid for education
    Financial assistance to support economic activity
  • I have an exam tomorrow, I ______ study more if I want to pass
    must
  • When John first started working in his new company, he _________ do a lot more extra work than he has to do now
    had to
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