Give an example where "while" and "although are interchangeable and an example where they are not.
1. While/Although I agree with you up to a point, I do think that there are other factors. 2. She won the prize, although no one thought she could do it.
Explain the use of tenses here: "I'll call you as soon as he arrives."
fter time conjunctions we use present tenses to refer to the future.
When do we leave out the subject and the verb be in an adverbial clause?
We leave the subject and the verb be (e.g. are, was, have been) out of adverbial clauses when the subject is the same as the subject of the main clause.
Give an example of a reduced adverbial clause (present participle clause).
I happened to catch your radio programme while [ ] driving home.
Define a subordinate clause.
a particular kind of group of words that we attach in some way to a main clause.
Give at least 3 examples of two-part conjunctions.
1. not only ... but (also) 2. so/such ... that 3. either... or
Define a main clause.
a group of words that can stand on its own. It usually contains at least a subject and a verb. This is sometimes called a ‘simple sentence’ or a ‘finite sentenc
What conjunction usually come after the main clause?
where, as if, as though, in order that, so that
Give an example of a reduced adverbial clause (past participle clause).
Even though [ ] badly damaged in places, the chest fetched £3,500 at auction.
How are clauses usually punctuated?
When the subordinate clause comes before the main clause, it is usually separated from the main clause by a comma.
Give an example of a reduced adverbial clause (verbless clause).
Once [ ] finally under way, the ship quickly made up for lost time.
Explain the meaning of the subordinate conjunction here: "I'll stay with you as long as you need me - but no longer than that!"
As long as suggests that the duration of the event described lasted only for a particular period of time.
What is the difference between a finite and non-finite clause?
Finite clauses contain a verb which is in a recognisable tense form. Non-finite clauses are those in which the verb, if there is one, is in an -ing or infinitiv
Explain the meaning of the subordinate conjunction here: "You can start doing gentle exercise once the stitches have been removed."
Once generally suggests completion - the achievement of some kind of goal.
Explain the use of tenses here: Your daughter left before you woke up.
"after" and "before" contain precise information about the sequence of events and so we don’t need to rely on the tenses to provide this information.
Your daughter had left when you woke up.
When doesn't indicate the order in which things happened so we often need to use the past perfect in order to show that something happened before something else
Many conjunctions allow us to reverse the order of the main clause and the adverbial clause. What principle do we use to order clauses?
The clause which contains the new or more important information generally comes second.
What meaning can adverbial clauses add to the main clause? (8 meanings)
Time, Place, Reason, Manner, Contrast, Condition, Purpose, Result
Identify a mistake here and explain it: They brought us a present despite they've got no money.
Learners may use linking prepositions as though they were conjunctions.
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