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Fundamentals of Genetics and Heredity

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  • heredity
    When certain traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
  • Gregor Mendel
    Father of genetics. He studied pea plants and learned traits were passed down.
  • double helix
    The shape of DNA. Looks like a twisted ladder.
  • genetic modification
    When scientists change genes in the lab to make something stronger or better.
  • DNA
    The actual code or information about the traits.
  • gene
    Made up of DNA. Carry the information about the specific traits that are passed down.
  • allele
    Specific sequence of DNA that relates to traits like hair or eye color.
  • chromosome
    Made up of DNA, they tell the cell what to do.
  • nucleus
    The brain of the cell. Contains the chromosomes that tell the cell what to do.
  • Watson & Crick
    Discovered the double helix shape which helped scientists learn even more about DNA.
  • recessive
    This trait will only be seen if you have 2 matching genes of the same trait, like blue eyes.
  • forensic
    The use of DNA to help solve crimes.
  • nucleotide
    Make up DNA. There are 4 that combine in many different ways.
  • mutation
    Accidents that occur when genes are passed down from parent to child.
  • gene therapy
    When doctors can fix a broken gene. They are still working on this.
  • clone
    Two organisms that have exactly the same set of genes.
  • genome
    The complete set of instructions of DNA in the cell.
  • dominant
    When present, this trait will always be seen, like brown eyes.
  • variation
    The traits you inherit mix and combine in different ways so we all look different from one another.
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