What were the challenges in redrawing the political map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars?
• Reuniting territories that had been divided or annexed during the wars. • Balancing the interests of major powers with the concerns of smaller states.
What was the Holy Alliance, and what was its purpose?
Agreement signed by Tsar Alexander I of Russia, Emperor Francis I of Austria, and King Frederick William III of Prussia.
What was the "principle of legitimacy," and how was it applied at the Congress of Vienna?
Principle of legitimacy aimed to restore the "rightful" rulers to their old states. This meant that former monarchs were brought back to power in France, Spain.
Why was Vienna chosen as the venue for the Congress?
Vienna was chosen as the venue because Austria played a pivotal role in defeating Napoleon
What were some of the specific territorial changes that occurred as a result of the Congress of Vienna?
• France was returned to the Bourbon monarchy. • Holland gained control of Belgium. • Sweden received Norway in exchange for Finland, which went to Russia.
How did the Congress of Vienna address the issue of Poland?
Tsar Alexander promised Austria and Prussia a share of Poland, but later sought to claim the entire territory for Russia. This led to disputes with A & P
What were the main objectives of the Congress of Vienna?
To establish peace and stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, create a new European order based on collective security, and restore the old monarchies