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Biology; Macromolecules

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  • Elements present in carbohydrates
    CarbonHydrogen Oxygen
  • Elements present in proteins
    CarbonHydrogenOxygenNitrogen
  • What makes up proteins?
    polymers made of amino acids (50-500 chains long)
  • 2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things.
    Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • monosaccharide diagram of glucose
    monosaccharide diagram of glucose
  • The Function of Proteins
    1. Controls the Rates of Reactions2. Fights Diseases3. Forms Cell Structures4. Regulates Cell Processes5. Transports stuff In/Out of the Cell
  • Key ideas
    -All macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis -all covalent bonds -water breaks bonds and gives off energy through hydrolysis
  • Four groups of organic molecules
    Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
  • polymer
    result of many monomers linking together (protein or peptide and amino acids or polypeptide)
  • Examples of Carbohydrates
    Monosaccharides - Glucose, FructoseDisaccharides Polysaccharides
  • Triglycerides
    Triglycerides
  • Elements present in nucleic acids
    CarbonHydrogen OxygenNitrogenPhosphorus
  • The Monomer of Carbohydrates
    Monosaccharides (Galactose, Glucose or Fructose)
  • Elements present in lipids
    CarbonHydrogenOxygen
  • carbohydrate structure
    carbohydrate structure
  • polymer and amino acid relationship
    Polymer is a protein aka peptideLots of amino acids linked together
  • Where do macromolecules get energy?
    macromolecules get energy from bonds
  • What are nucleic acids made up of?
    hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus
  • 2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound.
    Carbohydrates: main source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of materials, cellular processes, formati...
  • 1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex structures?
    Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur between carbon and another element.
  • Other name for Carbohydrate
    saccharides
  • disaccharide diagram of sucrose
    disaccharide diagram of sucrose
  • hydrolysis
    Requires water and releases energyTaking molecules apart
  • The Monomer of Nucleic Acids
    Nucleotides
  • The Monomer of Proteins
    Amino Acids
  • Which macromolecule speeds up chemical reactions?
    Protein (enzyme)
  • Examples of Lipids
    Fats, Oils, Waxes, Lipid Steroids (cholesterol), triglycerides, phospholipids
  • 3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above?
    Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
  • disaccharides examples
    sucrose (glucose + fructose)maltose (glucose + glucose)lactose (galactose + glucose)
  • Examples of Nucleic Acids
    DNA and RNA
  • 2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not?
    Proteins have long chains of monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain.
  • monomer
    single molecule; small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
  • 1.A. What are the major elements of life?
    Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen.
  • Examples of Proteins
    Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Hemoglobin, Collagen, keratin
  • examples of polysaccharides
    glycogen, starch, and cellulose
  • polysaccharide diagram of amylose
    polysaccharide diagram of amylose
  • monosaccharides
    glucose, fructose
  • What are the four Macromolecules?
    Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
  • Which is the only macromolecule that isn't a polymer
    lipid
  • The Function of Lipids
    Long-term Energy Source
  • amino acid is also known as a...?
    peptide or protein
  • diagram of unsaturated
    diagram of unsaturated
  • organic
    a molecule that contains carbon hydrogen bonds
  • Nitrogen bases in DNA
    Adenine GuanineThymine Cytosine
  • 2 monosaccharides
    disaccharide
  • Saturated
    Fatty acid consists of single bonds
  • hydrolysis
    Divides a polymer into monomers through the addition of water
  • diagram of nucleotide
    diagram of nucleotide
  • The Function of Nucleic Acids
    Store and Transmit your Genetic Information
  • The Monomer of Lipids
    Glycerol and Fatty Acid Chains (2-3)
  • Dipeptides
    two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond
  • The Function of Carbohydrates
    Short-term or immediate Energy Source
  • 3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to?
    Carbohydrates
  • dehydration synthesis
    forms polymers and a water molecule
  • diagram of saturated
    diagram of saturated
  • Unsaturated
    Fatty acid contains double bonds
  • amino acid structure
    amino acid structure
  • What does "acid" indicate?
    hydrogen ion is present
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