Explain forward design model?
supports a sequen- tial organization of knowledge and skills, beginning with content choices, which determine syllabus-level decisions; these, in turn, affect
In the Backward design model, what are the "ends" and the "means"?
Ends = learning outcomes, Means = materials
What are the three main categories of materials development in language teaching?
Forward design, Central design, Backward design
What are some examples of techniques that can be used in materials development?
Role-plays, simulations, group work, discussions
Besides teachers and students, what is another main instructional component in the ESL classroom?
Materials
What are two main perspectives on grammar that materials development can target?
Form and function
Explain central design model
elevates the importance of materials development by placing it at the beginning of the curriculum decision-making process
What are some factors that guide materials development practices?
Linguistic, educational, sociocultural, economic, etc.
What are some challenges in local materials development?
Limited resources, lack of teacher training, cultural differences
What are some goals for developing vocabulary materials?
Recognizing words, knowing meaning, using words correctly
Explain backward design model
places learning outcomes at the center of curriculum planning, and materials development as the main tool for reaching target outcomes
How can materials development be culturally sensitive?
Include topics from students' cultures, compare cultures through language