What are the differences between pure vowels and diphthongs?
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Describe "affricates".
It's combination of plosives and fricatives. First, the air is obstructed and, then, it is released slowly through a narrowing passage.
Describe "nasals"
There’s a complete obstruction of the air in the mouth or oral cavity, so the air escapes through the nose.
Define "hard palate".
AKA "roof of the mouth". It's a smoothy bony curved surface.
Describe the different stages of the glottis.
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Complete the vowel chart with short vowels.
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Define "glottis".
The opening between the vocal folds.
Define "triphthong".
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What are the three branches of phonetics? What do they focus on?
Articulatory: how sounds are produced. Acoustic: how sounds are transmitted from the mouth to the ear. Auditory: speech perception or the hearing process.
Define "phonetics"
Study of sounds and how these are produced, transmitted and perceived. It deals with the concrete, measurable and physical properties of speech sounds.
Define "larynx".
It's a casing located in the neck and attached to the trachea. AKA Adam's apple. Inside this box there're the vocal folds.
Define "teeth"
They are passive articulators and we have upper and lower teeth.
Define "phonology".
It focuses on a more abstract level (sounds in context) and deals with the system, rules and patterns of the sounds from a particular language.
Describe "fricatives".
There’s a narrowing obstruction of the air flow, which escapes trough a narrow opening in the articulator producing a hissing sound.
Describe the following places of articulation: Palatal, palato-alveolar, velar and glottal.
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Define "tongue"
It's the most important active articulator since it is involved in the production of all vowels and most consonants.
Define "soft palate" or "velum".
It's the articulator that allows the air to pass through the nose or the mouth.
What are the differences between consonants and vowels?
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Describe "laterals".
In their production, the air flows through the sides of the tongue.
Define "smoothing".
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Describe the criteria "force of articulation".
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Define "esophagus".
It's a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It runs behind the windpipe.
Define "linguistics"
the science that deals with the general study of the language, like its grammar, morphology or phonology.
Describe "approximants".
In their production, the articulators are closed enough to cause “turbulence”.
Define "trachea" or "windipipe".
It's a tube that connects the lungs to the larynx and pharynx allowing the passage of air.
Define "articulators".
Set of muscles and organs inside the vocal tract that shape the air flow to produce speech sounds.
Complete the vowel chart with long vowels.
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Describe "epiglottis".
It is attached to the lower part of the root of the tongue. It prevents food and liquid from entering the windpipe and lungs, so it moves backwards.
Define "uvula".
It's a piece of flesh that hands down at the back of the mouth. It prevents food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity.
Describe the criteria "position of the velum".
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Describe the criteria "Voicing".
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Define "alveolar ridge".
It's between the front upper teeth and the hard palate. Its surface is civered wuth little ridges that the tongue is constantly touching.
Define "vocal folds" or "vocal cords".
Two flats of muscle similar to a pair of lips that can be brought together or separated through muscular action.
Define "pharynx".
It's a tube that begins just above the larynx and is divided into 2 sections: one that leads two the oral cavity, and the other one that connects the nasal one.
Describe the following places of articulation: bilabial, labiodental, dental and alveolar.
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Describe "plosives".
There’s a complete obstruction of the air flow and, then, the air is abruptly released causing a puff of air.