Study

Ch. 4 The Human World

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  • oligarchy
    any system of government in which a small group holds all power
  • culture hearth
    a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward
  • theocracy
    system of government in which those who rule are regarded as divinely inspired
  • mixed economy
    one in which the gov't regulates the market to preserve competition and support public interests (ex.: the United States)
  • birthrate
    the number of births per year for every 1,000 people
  • traditional economy
    habit and custom determine the rules for all economic activity; these currently exist in very limited parts of the world
  • demographic transition
    the model that uses birthrates and death rates to show how populations in countries or regions change over time
  • standard of living
    the level of wealth goods and necessities available for peo
  • more developed country
    a country that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less developed nations
  • free enterprise
    a system in which private individuals or groups have the right to own property or businesses and make a profit with limited government interference
  • command economy
    a system of resource management in which decisions about production and distribution of goods and services are made by a central authority
  • newly industrialized country
    a country that has begun transitioning from primarily agricultural to primarily manufacturing and industrial activity
  • market economy
    Businesses make decisions about what to produce based on consumer demand
  • culture
    the way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs
  • democracy
    a system of government in which leaders rule with the consent of the citizens
  • capitalism
    a system in which factors of production are privately owned
  • population distribution
    the variations in population that occur across a country a continent or the world
  • population pyramid
    a diagram that shows the distribution of a population by age and gender
  • outsourcing
    Setting up businesses abroad to produce parts and products for domestic use or sale
  • population density
    the number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land
  • migration
    movement of people from one place to another
  • natural increase
    the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate
  • Globalization
    the expansion of economic political and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact
  • natural boundry
    a fixed limit or extent defined along physical geographic features such as mountains and rivers
  • autocracy
    any system of government in which the power and authority to rule belong to a single individual
  • unitary system
    form of government in which all key powers are given to the national or central government
  • federal system
    form of government in which powers are divided between the national government and state or provincial governments
  • death rate
    the number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people
  • geometric boundary
    a boundary that follows a geometric pattern
  • language family
    group of related languages that have all developed from one earlier language
  • connectivity
    the degree of connection or separation between people places and things
  • cultural diffusion
    the spread of new knowledge and skills from one culture to another
  • pandemics
    the spread of disease across a large area or even the world
  • less developed country
    a country that according to the United Nations exhibits the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development
  • cultural boundary
    a geographical boundary between two different cultures
  • doubling time
    the number of years it takes for a population to double in size
  • monarchy
    a form of autocracy with a hereditary king or queen exercising supreme power
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