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Modals: Deduction about the present and the past

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  • Tanya got a ten in the test.
    She must have studied so hard.
  • Something crashed into Tommy's face under the tree
    It might have been a bee
  • Karla was with me all the afternoon. Her mother is blaming her of taking her car borrowed.
    She couldn't have taken it
  • This coffee is so sweetened
    It can't be yours, you don't eat sugar
  • My shoes are broken, one of them is in my dog's house.
    He must have bitten them!
  • This assignment is much more difficult than I expected it would be. I ______________ (finish) it on time.
    might / may not finish
  • When Elly got home yesterday, there were flowers on the table. Her husband __________ (buy)  them.
    must have bought
  • It is very unlikely that he robbed the bank on his own.
    He can't have robbed the bank on his own.
  • There is Maria's notebook in my bag and mine is not there.
    She must have confused them when she took them from the teacher's desk.
  • We don't know for sure that Alex broke the coffee table. Maybe it was the dog.
    It might have been the dog.
  • When I came home I realized I didn't have my keys with me.
    They could have fallen down my bag
  • You just ate five large slices of pizza, two pieces of chocolate cake, and some ice cream. You ______________ (be) hungry!
    can't (still) be
  • The teacher told us the project was for the 29 and I presented it on the 19!
    I must have misunderstood her
  • She speaks excellent French. I'm sure she lived in France for a long time.
    She must have lived in France for a long time.
  • There is a picture of a Japanese woman on Glen’s desk. His wife is Japanese. That _______ (be) his wife.
    must be
  • Alex really wanted to get that promotion, but he didn't. He ____ (be) disappointed.
    must be
  • It seems quite likely that he had a partner during the robbery.
    He must have had a partner...
  • I wonder why Mary and Fred are late. They ___________ (forget) about our meeting.
    may/might have forgotten
  • We are invited to break a piñata
    There might be mystery prizes hidden in it.
  • It is almost certain that he left before breakfast.
    He must have left before breakfast.
  • I've been calling you for the last 2 hours!
    Someone might have turned my cellphone off by mistake.
  • He was here a moment ago. He __________(go) far.
    can't have gone
  • Sarah couldn't find her glasses. Perhaps, she left them at her office.
    She might/may/could have left them at the office.
  • My next door neighbour has a huge library. She _________(love) books.
    must love
  • You ________(practise) a lot before you gave your speech. It was really good.
    must have practised
  • Karen friends haven't arrived to the party yet
    It may be an accident in the freeway
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