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Acids, Bases and Salts

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  • Name the method used to collect the solid from the precipitation of Barium Sulfate.
    Filtration or Centrifugation
  • What are the 2 things that influence the choice of method for preparation of soluble salts.
    Is the metal reactive enough to the displace the hydrogen in the acid? Is the base or carbonate soluble and insoluble?
  • An acid is a molecule or ion that is able to donate a _______ (proton/electron) to a base.
    Proton
  • State the difference between a strong and a weak acid. Give examples for each.
    Strong acids are completely ionised in solution in water. Weak acids are partially dissociated into ions in solution in water. Ex:strong - HCl, weak - organic
  • Look at the poster of the Nitrogen cycle and discuss it with a classmate.
    Call up one pair in front of the class to describe the Nitrogen cycle.
  • All salts are ________ compounds. (COVALENT/IONIC)
    IONIC
  • Name the Alkali used in cleaning fluids at home.
    Ammonium Hydroxide (Ammonia solution)
  • Name two fertilizers made from ammonium salts.
    Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium Sulfate
  • White Hydroxide precipitates - Name the elements (metals)
    Calcium, Zinc, Aluminium
  • sulphate salts are made from
    sulphuric acid
  • Sam is in the laboratory and has been asked to list his observations about the reaction between marble chips (calcium carbonate) and sulfuric acid. What do you think Sam's reply would be?
    1)It is a strong reaction,large amounts of carbon dioxide are produced. 2)The reaction stops after a short time since calcium sulfate forms a layer on marble.
  • Use limestone and Vinegar as an example to show how we can test for carbonates using an acid.
    Take a rock which we think is limestone, drop a few drops of vinegar on it. If it fizzes then it could be limestone.
  • Look at the picture below and choose which apparatus will be needed for Titration.
    Burette, Conical flask, Evaporating dish (basin)
  • Define water of crystallisation.
    The water of crystallization means having a fixed number of molecules present in one formula of a unit of salt.
  • All carbonates will react with acids to give _____________ . This is the test for carbonates using acid.
    Carbon Dioxide
  • When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, the products are __________________
    salt and hydrogen gas
  • In a salt, metals form a ____________ ion and non metals form a __________ ion.
    Positive Negative
  • Name the gas that will given off when an acid reacts with a carbonate.
    carbon dioxide
  • Name the hydroxide precipitates which are white.
    Hydroxides of calcium, zinc and aluminium.
  • Industrial preparation of ammonium is by the _________ process.
    Haber
  • Spectator Ions are the ones that remain in the solution and are included in the equation. TRUE/FALSE (CORRECT THE STATEMENT IF FALSE)
    FALSE (The spectator ions remain in the solution but are left out of the equation.)
  • Define water of crystallisation.
    The water of crystallization means having a fixed number of molecules present in one formula of a unit of salt. Crystal salts with water of crystallization are
  • Which statements about alkalis are correct? 1. When reacted with an acid, the pH of the alkali increases; 2. When tested with litmus, the litmus turns blue; 3. When warmed with an ammonium salt, ammonia gas is given off.
    2 ,3
  • Name the base used in Antacid indigestion tablets.
    Magnesium Oxide
  • When crystals loose their water of crystallisation. They are called _________ .
    Anhydrous
  • Why do the precipitates of zinc and aluminum become a colorless solution?
    They become colorless because excess of sodium hydroxide is added, the precipitates redissolve in it.
  • Name the essential element for animal and plant life.
    Nitrogen
  • n a titration, the ____ is the point at which the indicator changes color and stays that way.
    End point
  • NAME THE SUBSTANCE WHICH REACTS WITH AN ACID TO FORM A SALT AND WATER
    BASE
  • NAME THE OTHER REACTIONS THAT ALL ACIDS TAKE PART IN, BESIDES NEUTRALISATION.
    REACTIONS WITH - i) A REACTIVE METAL ii) A METAL CARBONATE
  • Look at the table and brainstorm for one more example for monobasic, dibasic and tribasic acids.
    Monobasic (HNO3) Dibasic (H2CO3) Tribasic (guess or search)
  • When a base reacts with an ammonium salt, ammonia is given off. TRUE or FALSE
    TRUE
  • What are the methods used for preparing soluble salts.
    1) Acid with solid metal, base or carbonate. 2) Acid with alkali by titration
  • Not all oxides are basic, such as Nitrogen dioxide and Carbon dioxide. However, Calcium oxide is an example of a base. How do we know this?
    Calcium is a metal. The oxides (and hydroxides) of metals are bases.
  • WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ALKALI AND A BASE?
    THE DIFFERENCE IS...
  • In sodium chloride, which is the positive and negative Ion.
    Positive - Sodium Negative - Chloride
  • Give two uses of calcium hydroxide.
    1) It neutralises soil acidity 2) It neutralises acid gases produced by power stations.
  • IF I AM AN ALKALI - WHAT ARE MY PROPERTIES?
    - I FEEL SOAPY TO THE SKIN - I TURN LITMUS BLUE - GIVE SOLUTIONS WITH A pH GREATER THAN 7 - GIVE SOLUTIONS THAT CONTAIN OH- IONS
  • In sodium chloride, which is the positive and negative Ion.
    Positive - Sodium
  • IF I AM A BASE - WHAT ARE MY PROPERTIES?
    - NEUTRALISE ACIDS TO GIVE A SALT AND WATER ONLY - I AM THE OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES OF METALS - I AM INSOLUBLE IN WATER
  • __________ salts are made by neutralising and acid.
    Soluble
  • In sodium chloride, which is the positive and negative Ion.
    Positive - Sodium
  • Name the parent acid for ammonium chloride and sodium carbonate
    Hydrochloric acid and Carbonic acid
  • What are the two important things to remember while working out a method to make salts.
    1) Is the salt soluble or insoluble in water? 2) Do crystals of the salt contain water of crytallisation?
  • Discuss with your partner some patterns of solubility for salts. (Work in pairs and come up with atleast 2 answers)
    Check the table.
  • A ________ IS A COMPOUND MADE FROM AN ACID WHEN A METAL TAKES PLACE OF THE __________ IN THE ACID.
    SALT, HYDROGEN
  • What is precipitation?
    Precipitation is the sudden formation of a solid, when two solutions are mixed or when a gas is bubbled into a solution.
  • A base is a molecule or ion that is able to (accept/donate) a proton.
    Accept
  • Define water of crystallisation.
    The water of crystallization means having a fixed number of molecules present in one formula of a unit of salt. Crystal salts with water of crystallization are
  • Look at the picture and guess which salts are being tested using and Alkali.
    From left to right - COPPER (II) SALTS, IRON (III) SALTS AND IRON (II) SALTS
  • List the characteristics of Ammonia.
    Colourless gas, Pungent odour, Can be liquefied, Less dense than air, Soluble in water.
  • What type of metal salt is produced by the reaction of metal and hydrochloric acid?
    chlorides
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