Study

C&D T2 - LABELLING

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  • What are typifications?
    police offices using common sense theories of what the typical delinquent is to concentrate on them like
  • What did Triplett note about young people?
    increasing tendency to see young people offenders as evil and to be less tolerant of minor deviance
  • According to cicourel what should not be used as a resource?
    official statistics
  • Which type of shaming in socities leads to less crime?
    Reintegrative
  • Who makes a distinction between two types of deviance>?
    Lemert
  • What do labelling theories focus on in contrast to functionalists
    labelling = causes and definition of crime functionalism = causes
  • Which ethnic group has higher rates of ASBOs?
    Ethnic minority groups
  • What is the impact of class bias withiin the criminal justice system?
    Middle class youth arrested is less likely to be charged
  • What did pilivan and briar find?
    that police decisions to arrest a youth were mainly based on physical cues
  • Define reintegrative shaming
    act is labelled but the social actor is not.
  • What is primary deviance?
    trivial acts which are not publically labelled
  • Which study by Cohen highlights deviancy amplification spiral?
    folk devils and moral panics - mods and rockers
  • Explain Platt's idea of juvenile delinquency
    established juveniles as a separate category of offender with their own courts and their own specific offences,
  • Define disntegrative shaming
    crime and the individual label is labelled as bad.
  • What are labelling theoriests interested in with regards to crime?
    interested in how and why certain acts and people are labelled as deviant
  • What is secondary deviance?
    deviance which is labelled as a result of societal reaction
  • Define moral entrepreneurs
    people who lead a moral crusade
  • How can crime statistics be described as social constructs?
    only tell us about activities of the police and prosecutors
  • Who argued that the police used typifications?
    Cicourel
  • What are the two effects of a new law?
    creation of outsiders and expansion of social control agencies
  • Define deviance amplification
    a process in which the attempt to control deviance which leads to an increase in the level of deviance
  • What two types of shaming did Braithwaite identify?
    disintegrative and reintergrative
  • How do Downes and Rock criticise labelling?
    They argue we cannot predict whether someone who has been labelled will follow a deviant career
  • What do those who are officially labelled as deviant see themselves according to BECKER
    'mad and bad'
  • why is reintegrative shaming likely to avoid deviancy amplification spiral?
    avoids the stigmatisation of the offender but makes them aware of their actions and the impact
  • What makes an act deviant according to labelling theoriests?
    societies reaction to the act
  • What are the two types of deviance?
    primary and secondary
  • what are folk devils the opposite of (think crime statistics)
    dark figure of crime - their deviant acts are over exposed
  • What can secondary deviance result in according to Lemert?
    deviant career and/or subculture
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