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FINALS REVIEW HONORS BIOLOGY

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  • What is a nucleotide?
    A monomer of DNA
  • Archery! hit only the 20 points area. The arrow must stay stuck!
    20 points
  • Termites are able to digest wood because of microbes that live in their gut. The relationship between a termite and the microbes inside it is an example of what type of symbiosis?
    mutualism
  • Archery! hit the 10 points area only. The arrow must stay stuck!
    10 points
  • What are the main 3 stages of cellular respiration?
    glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
  • A karyotype is assembled from the cell of a human donor who has a genetic disorder. Which disorder can be determined by studying the karyotype?
    a chromosomal disorder, such as Down syndrome
  • Define Natural Selection
    Organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully, producing fertile and viable young.
  • Marco is investigating ways that the human body maintains homeostasis. Provide one example about how the body mantains homeostasis during very hot weather.
    When the hypothalamus senses an increase in body temperature it sends signals for the body to produce sweat.
  • Farmer Rochin noticed that some of his chickens grow much faster than the others. What can he use to increase the frequency of this trait in his chickens?
    selective breeding
  • Describe the relationship between primates and humans
    Humans and primates evolved separately from a common ancestor
  • The figure is a karyotype from a person with XYY Syndrome. What event is MOST LIKELY to cause XYY Syndrome?
    Nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis
  • Which conclusion about the patient do the karyotype data most strongly support?
    The patient has an abnormal number of autosomes that likely is causing severe symptoms
  • Topic Genetics. The letters represent alleles. A-black a-white. Aa will be _______. Describe why
    Black. Because A is a dominant allele.
  • What is the purpose of a pedigree chart?
    To determine the probability of inheriting a specific trait
  • What is the function of Lac operon?
    Is a gene regulator
  • Describe the role of the skin in removing waste products
    . Sweat is composed of water, salt, and other metabolic waste products such as urea and ammonia. Through sweating, the skin helps to eliminate excess of waste
  • Archery! hit the center for 25 points. The arrow must stay stuck!
    25
  • What is the result of mitosis?
    2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to their mothers.
  • The human nervous system is made of a huge number of interconnected neurons, including sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Provide an example of an activity that directly involves only interneurons, and not the other types?
    Fine movements, interpretation of sensory stimuli, maintenance of balance, etc.
  • In recent years, scientists and the public have raised a number of ethical and legal questions about DNA. Many of the questions involve issues of ownership and privacy of personal genetic information.Why these issues became relevant?
    the completion of the Human Genome Project/biotechnology/bioethics
  • Which is the most likely type of ethical or social issue that could arise from the use of DNA fingerprinting?
    privacy issues that arise when a donor’s DNA is identified without his or her consent
  • What stimuli trigger mitosis?
    repair, development and growth
  • Monica is developing a model of food digestion and the transportation of food molecules to cells. Her model begins with food traveling from the mouth, to the esophagus, and then to the stomach. Which two organs should Roberta include after
    to the small intestine, and then to the large intestine
  • This enzyme is responsible for the process of DNA replication?
    Adds nucleotides to the 3" one at the time.
  • Scientists have classified the sea otter as a keystone species in communities along the Pacific coast of North America. This classification depends on which property of the sea otters?
    Sea otters act to maintain a balance of a wide variety of other populations in the community.
  • What is genetic drift?
    The random fluctuations in the frequency of alleles in a population
  • What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle
    DNA replication
  • Food production, purifying water, storing carbon, and regulating pests are all examples of what?
    ecosystem services
  • What are the functions of the digestive system?
    digestion, absorption, immune protection, movement, excretion
  • A genetic disorder is caused by an allele of a sex-linked gene, located on the Y chromosome. How is the disorder inherited?
    only from the father to a son
  • Andy a researcher hopes to cure a disease in mice by changing a gene. How can he change the sequence of a single gene this organism?
    CRISPR
  • Define homeostasis. Explain why homeostasis is essential for organisms.
    Homeostasis is the process by which organisms maintain internal stability and equilibrium despite changing external conditions.
  • Diversity. Scientists have observed that all cheetahs have very similar body structures, markings, and other physical traits. These observations provide evidence for which conclusion?
    Cheetahs have low genetic diversity.
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