overpopulation of cattle, harsh weather, a depression, decreased demand for beef, loss of grazing land, expansion of the railroads
What brought an end to the cattle kingdom?
Harsh weather
What dangers did cowhands face?
fires, thieves, bad weather, dangerous rapids and swamps
True or False. William Jennings Bryan won the election of 1896.
False, it was William McKinley
What do the Goodnight-Loving Trail and the Chisholm Trail have in common?
They both ended at railroads that shipped cattle to eastern cities
What are homesteaders?
They were settlers who acquired free land from the government
What did the Homestead Act do?
It gave land to settlers who would agree to live on it and farm it for five years
Where was the last land rush in the West?
Oklahoma
What did most Native Americans hope to gain in return for agreeing to stay in one place?
The right to be undisturbed on their land
What did Plain farmers and cattle ranchers have in common?
Railroads helped both ship their products around the country; both ended up facing economic crises
What did the Populists demand?
Public ownership of railroads and warehouses, an income tax to replace property taxes, an eight-hour workday, and other reforms
What is a cattle kingdom?
A region dominated by the cattle industry and its ranches.
What are cattle drives?
When the herding and moving of cattle over long distances happens
What battle signaled the end of Indian wars?
The Battle of Wounded Knee
What began the cattle industry in the West?
Railroads made it possible for ranchers to ship beef to both eastern and western markets
True or False. Cowhands were known for their amazing hand-eye coordination.
False, they were known for their nerves of steel/staying calm under stress
What does open range mean?
unfenced land
What connected the the East and West?
The transcontinental railroad
Foreign immigrants who went to live in the West worked as:
cowhands, railroad workers, and miners
What is a homesteader?
A settler who acquired free land from the government.
What was the Dawes Act?
Hope to help the Native Americans but failed. Gave Native American males 160 acres to farm and set up schools.
What was the difference between Sodbusters and Exodusters?
Exodusters are African Americans
How did sod make living on the Great Plains difficult?
Sod is a thick layer of soil and tangled roots that hardens in the sun and in which the crops cannot be planted
Where did thousands of settlers go to for the land rush in 1889?
Oklahoma
What were some difficulties miners faced during the Mining booms in the West?
Very few would get rich from mining - drinking from streams or lakes were often poisonous from the mining-they often lived in tents or slept outside-move a lot
What is a reservation?
land set aside for Native Americans
True or False. The railroads promoted more farming than the Homestead Act.
True
The term "Wild West" described the idea that the West was a place with what?
gun-slinging cowboys, exciting adventures, and big opportunities
What do you call a settlement at the end of a cattle trail?
a cow town
What was the Laramie Treaty?
US officials promised to protect Great Plains Native Americans' land if they settle permanently and not follow the buffalo.
What is a farm cooperative?
A group of farmers who met for events such as lectures and spelling bees.
Where were the Native Americans who had once lived on the land?
In reservations or dead
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