IGCSE BIOLOGY GENERAL REVIEW Ch. 1-5 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

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Use all your knowledge about ENZYMES to explain the following image:

The rate of reaction is affected by pH, not all enzymes work at the same pH, there's an optimum pH, denaturalisation, etc.

With all the info from the picture classify each solution depending on its tonicity

1. Hypertonic solution / 2. Isotonic solution / 3.Hypotonic solution

How would you test for STARCH?

Add some drops of IODINE SOLUTION (orange), in the presence of starch it turns DARK BLUE.

Define the term DIFUSSION and name 2 examples.

NET MOVEMENT of molecules and ions from a region of their HIGHER CONCENTRATION to a region of their LOWER CONCENTRATION down a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT (random)

Explain what happens to the cells in each case due to Osmosis:

1. No change in size / 2. Cell shrinks (plasmolysis) / 3. Cell swells up (turgid in plants, bursts in animals)

Define the term SPECIES

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Explain what is the BINOMIAL SYSTEM and how it is used.

A system of naming species in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the GENUS and the SPECIES. Eg. Homo sapiens

Name the 4 factors that affect the RATE of ENZYME ACTION.

Temperature, pH, concentration of enzyme, concentration of substrate.

How would you test the presence of REDUCING SUGARS? (simple sugars)

Add BENNEDICT'S REAGENT (blue), mix, heat in a water bath for 3min. In the presence of sugar a RED PRECIPITATED appears.

How would you test the presence of FATS?

EMULSION test: alcohol + water. MILKY-WHITE emulsion.

Define the term OSMOSIS and name 1 example

NET MOVEMENT of WATER MOLECULES from a region of HIGHER WATER POTENTIAL (diluted) to a region of LOWER WATER POTENTIAL (concentrated) through a SEMIPERMEABLE ME

The image represents 3 biological molecules. Name them and identify each structure of the diagrams.

1. Fat molecule / 2. Protein molecule/ 3. Carbohydrate molecule

How would you test the presence of PROTEINS?

Add BIURET REAGENT, it turns PURPLE in the presence of proteins.

Explain how to calculate the MAGNIFICATION of an image.

M= I/A Magnification = Observed size of the IMAGE (or drawing) / ACTUAL size of the specimen

Name the principal clases of the following groups: VERTEBRATES, ARTHROPODS, MOLLUSCS

VERTEBRATES: Mammals, Reptiles, Fish, Amphibians, Birds / ARTHROPODS: Crustaceans, Arachnids, Myriapods, Insects / MOLLUSCS: Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods

Why viruses are not considered living organisms and why aren't destroyed by antibiotics?

They can't live without a host (no MRS GREN). Antibiotics attack bacterial structures that viruses don't have (cell wall, cell membreane)

How would you test the presence of VITAMIN C?

Add a few drops of DCPIP (blue dye) and in the presence of Vitamin C, it turns COLOURLESS.

Explain how ENZYMES work and give 2 examples.

Biological catalists, lock-key model, enzyme-substrate complex, optimum ph and T°... Brewing, washing powders, digestion, photosynthesis, etc.

Flowering plants can be classified into Monocotyledons and Dicotyledonds. Explain their 4 main differences.

Leaf shape (long and narrow vs braod), leaf veins (parallel vs branching), number of cotyledons (1 vs 2), grouping of flower parts (3 vs 5)

Biologists compare the s_________ of the b______in the ____ of organisms from different species to see how related they are.

sequences - bases

Explain the difference between PASSIVE and ACTIVE transport.

Active transport: movement of particles AGAINST a concentration gradient and using energy from cellular respiration.

Name the characteristics of all living organisms.

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

Name the 3 factors that may affect the rate of diffusion.

1. Temperature, 2. Concentration gradient, 3. Surface area

The picture shows and ANIMAL cell and a PALLISADE cell. Identify them and name their components.

Animal: Cell membrane, nucleous, mitochondria, cytoplasm. Plant: the same as animal PLUS cell wall, chloroplasts and big vacuole.