Study

Evolution

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  • What happens to organisms that have adaptations that no longer work for their environment?
    Their overall fitness will also decrease.
  • All of these finches have different shaped beaks, they are an adaptation to gain access of
    Food
  • The biggest process to evolution is . . .
    Natural selection
  • In the Evidence of evolution lab: Explain why eyesight is not an important adaptation to life in a cave.
    Caves are dark already, so eyesight is not as important adaption to life in a cave
  • What are 4 different traits of Anoles lizards?
    Toepads, tails, body size of lizard, hindlimb length
  • An example of a homologous structure is...
    bat wing, human arm/ whale flipper, human hand
  • In the moth lab: Why would dark moths have an advantage?
    They would blend in with the smoke around them.
  • Natural selection is also known as . . .
    survival of the fittest
  • What patten of natural selection is for the moderate trait but against extreme?
    Stabilizing Selection
  • In the moth lab: What was causing the change in the moths' color?
    Genetic mutation.
  • In the medicine case study: Why does evolution matter when it comes to fighting pathogens?
    We need to know the evolutionary patterns of pathogenic diseases to stop them and prevent them.
  • Genetic variation needed for a population to evolve (what first brings about these adaptations)
    mutations
  • What do all cells have in common?
    DNA, RNA, ribosomes, 20 amino acids, ATP
  • In the Medicine case study: What are 2 of the 5 strategies for delaying antibacterial resistance?
    minimising non proscribing, overprescribing antibiotics, the correct use of prescribed antibiotics, and good hygiene and infection control
  • What pattern of natural selection is for one extreme trait, but not the other?
    Directional selection
  • Structures with no function that are remnants of an organism’s evolutionary past are
    vestigial
  • A phenotype that improves an organism’s chance of survival in their environment is considered a(n) ____________.
    adaptation
  • The theory of evolution states that any change in the _________ ___________ within a population occurs across generations.
    heritable traits
  • Evolution can result in
    new species
  • Many different groups of organisms have wings, even though they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is because they evolved in environments with similar selective pressures. Wings are an example of a(n) ______________ structure.
    analogous
  • An example of molecular evidence
    DNA
  • In relative dating...where would the youngest fossils possibly be found in sedimentary rock?
    Top layers (oldest toward the bottom)
  • Explain why a rock pocket mouse’s color influences its overall fitness.
    If they blend in they will be more fit but if they stick out then their population will decrease
  • Natural Selection allows nature to choose the organism that is....
    most fit for survival in that environment
  • Dog breeds are an example of . . .
    Artificial selection
  • What is a gene pool?
    the sum of all the alleles of all genes of a population of a single species
  • Evolution was established by
    Charles Darwin
  • Structures with the same parts but have different functions, suggesting that organisms with a backbone share common ancestry is called…
    Homologous Structures
  • The human wisdom teeth are an example of which evidence to support evolution?
    vestigial structure
  • True or False. Absolute dating is the most accurate form of fossil dating.
    True
  • In the medicine case study: Why is evolution relevant in the medical field?
    Understanding the ways viruses and disease evolve can make a big difference in how we treat diseases currently and in the future.
  • Name 4 Evidence of evolution
    Fossils, geographic distribution, embryology, homologous structures, vestigial structures, natural selection
  • What is comparative embryology?
    the study of evolution through the anatomy of an organism as an embryo
  • From all of the labs we have done name a specific example of organisms changing over time.
    Rock pocket mice, Peppered moths, Natural selection lab, salamanders, lizards,
  • Mutations are always
    a change to the DNA, could be good, bad, or neutral
  • Evolution by definition is . . .
    change over many generations.
  • True or False. Evolution can occur in an individual organism.
    False
  • What chart has to do with common ancestry?
    Cladogram or phylogenetic tree
  • What structure type (Homologous, Analogous, Vestigial) are the fin of a fish and a whale flipper?
    Analogous
  • How do populations change due to genetic drift?
    A random event occurs that reduces the population, and the new surviving population has a different allele frequency from the original population.
  • What is the Darwin award?
    individuals who have contributed to human evolution by selecting themselves out of the gene pool by dying or becoming sterilized by their own actions.
  • Which species is a common ancestor for species B and D?
    K
  • Which pattern of natural selection is for both extreme traits, but against the moderate?
    Disruptive Selection
  • Relevance of Evolution medicine: Why would you need a flu shot every year?
    Because you are exposed to bacteria and viruses every day and the flu is evolving every year.
  • What organism on this diagram would have DNA most similar to the penguin?
    Chicken
  • In the rock pocket mice lab: What caused the unusual landscape at the Valley of Fire?
    volcanic eruptions
  • From the cricket worksheet: How can calling be bad for a cricket's fitness?
    It can tire out the cricket and predators can find them more easily.
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