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6a Science: Changes in the Earth's Crust

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  • How does temperature change the surface of the earth?
    The expanding and contracting of rocks over time breaks them into smaller pieces; in the winter ice forms in cracks and expands them
  • Besides volcanoes, how else can islands be formed?
    River build up sediment as they move.
  • What is magma?
    Melted rock below the Earth's surface; called lava at the surface.
  • What are destructive process?
    processes that destroy landforms. – 2 types: Slow (weathering) and Fast (Erosion) – Ex. landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods.
  • Which type of rock is made directly from cooled lava?
    Igneous
  • What is a dune?
    a hill made of sand
  • What does transports mean?
    move from one place to another
  • What does contract mean?
    get smaller
  • Which type of rock is the oldest on earth?
    Metamorphic
  • Give an example of an internal force
    earthquake, volcanoes
  • What is the epicenter?
    the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
  • Which rock contains most of the fossils found in the world?
    Sedimentary
  • What are the three main types of rocks?
    Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
  • What is a moraines?
    small hill created by glacier movement
  • What landform is this?
    Ponor or Swallow hole
  • Which type of rock is made from layers of dust, dirt, and pressure?
    sedimentary
  • What landform is this?
    River Island
  • What are constructive processes?
    Shape the surface of the Earth, by building up Mountains and Landmasses
  • How does wind affect the surface of the earth?
    It polishes rock surfaces and creates dunes
  • what landform is this?
    Canyon
  • Give an example of an external force
    wind, temperature changes, ice, rainwater, rivers
  • What is a volcano?
    an opening in Earth's surface through which melted rock, hot gases, rock pieces, and ash burst forth, or erupt
  • What are internal forces?
    generated inside the earth
  • What are external forces?
    affect the surface of the earth
  • What landform is this?
    Polje
  • What does dissolve mean?
    to break down into tiny pieces
  • What is sediment?
    The small bits of rock and sand carried by rivers
  • What landform is this?
    Sinkhole or Doline
  • What does expand mean?
    get larger
  • What is a glacier?
    an ice river
  • What is the focus?
    Point underground where the faulting in an earthquake occurs
  • What causes an earthquake
    a move in the earth's crust.
  • How are stalagtites formed?
    rainwater dissolves limestone and sinks into caves and the limestone collects on ceiling
  • What does erosion mean?
    external forces wearing down rocks/soil and moving them
  • What is a fault?
    Crack in the Earth's surface along which movement takes place
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