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Biology Exam 4 Review

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  • What do all cells need? hint: cellular energy
    All cells need chemical energy
  • Which macromolecule stores the most energy? Carbohydrates, Proteins, or Lipids?
    Lipids (fats)
  • What is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
    binds to another part of an enzyme other than the active site
  • What is cellular respiration?
    Cells break down sugars to produce usable chemical energy for their functions
  • Do energy drinks or power bars do something different from any other foods you eat?
    They may contain certain types of carbohydrates that can be used more quickly and so supply energy faster.
  • What are TWO characteristics of enzymes?
    1. catalyze reactions (speed up reactions) 2. Lower activation energy
  • What is a medical example of a competitive inhibitor?
    Penicillin – antibiotic that blocks the enzyme bacteria use to build cell walls
  • What is an autotroph?
    use energy from the sun or chemicals to make organic compounds
  • What is an active site on an enzyme?
    the place where substrates and enzymes bind together
  • This molecule transfers/carries energy. It has TWO phosphate groups.
    ADP
  • What is the allosteric site on enzymes?
    site where enzyme is activated (turned ON) OR inhibited (turned OFF)
  • This molecule transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to fuel all cellular functions
    ATP
  • Foods that you eat do NOT contain ATP. Is this true or false?
    True
  • Food must be digested, which breaks down food into smaller molecules that can make ATP. Is this true or false?
    True
  • What organelle is involved in photosynthesis?
    Chloroplast
  • What is a competitive inhibitor?
    inhibitor & substrate “compete” for active site
  • This molecule transfers/carries energy. It has THREE phosphate groups.
    ATP
  • What is a medical example of a noncompetitive inhibitor?
    some anticancer drugs: inhibit enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and stop DNA production and division of more cancer cells
  • What is photosynthesis?
    Plants absorb energy from sunlight
  • If we get our energy from food…. Where does our food get its energy?
    We all get our energy by using sunlight through PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!
  • What macromolecule is LEAST likely to be broken down to make ATP?
    Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
  • What is a heterotroph?
    animals that must get energy from food
  • What organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
    Mitochondria
  • When an enzyme changes shape (structure), what happens to its function?
    enzyme CHANGES shape and LOSES function
  • What are the 5 factors that CHANGE enzyme structure/function?
    1. pH 2. Temperature 3. Enzyme Concentration 4. Salinity 5. Amount of substrate
  • X is changed into Y when a phosphate group is added. What is X and Y?
    ADP to ATP
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