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Modals in the past

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  • It's a very popular author. You _________ of him. (HEAR)
    You might have heard
    You should have heard
    You must have heard
  • Sarah looks really pleased with herself. She (pass) her driving test this morning.
    should have passed
    must have passed
    can have passed
  • I’m sorry that I’m late for work. I _____________ earlier. (WAKE UP)
    I must have woken up
    I might have woken up
    I should have woken up
  • Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It (close) early.
    must have closed
    may have closed
    should have closed
  • Beth seems worried. She _________ a problem with something. (HAVE)
    She SHOULD HAVE HAD
    She MUST HAVE HAD
    She MIGHT HAVE HAD
  • “Have you heard from Tom? He didn’t show up today.” “He _________.” (OVESLEEP)
    He must have overslept
    He should have overslept
    He might/could/may have overslept
  • He ___________ work already. It’s 7 pm. (LEAVE)
    He must have left
    He should have left
    He might have left
  • It's hot in here today. I (not/wear) a heavy sweater today.
    can't have worn
    mustn't have worn
    shouldn't have worn
  • Where are my gloves? I __________ them in the taxi. (LEAVE)
    I must have left
    I should have left
    I could have left
  • John (go) on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
    can't have gone
    mustn't have gone
    may not have gone
  • I was so worried about you. You _________! (CALL)
    You might have called!
    You must have called!
    You should have called!
  • It (be) Mickey I saw at the party. He didn't recognise me at all.
    shouldn't have been
    can't have been
    mustn't have been
  • Phillip called to say he'd be late. He _________ the train. (MISS)
    He must have missed the train.
    He should have missed the train.
    He may have missed the train.
  • You ___________ my clothes without asking in the first place! (WEAR)
    You couldn’t have worn
    You mustn’t have worn
    You shouldn’t have worn
  • He ___________ home already. He just left. (ARRIVE)
    He shouldn’t have arrived
    He can’t have arrived
    He mustn’t have arrived
  • He ____________ the bus to get home, but I'm not sure. (TAKE)
    He must have taken
    He should have taken
    He might/could have taken
  • That __________ John. He’s been in Italy for months. (BE)
    That shouldn’t have been
    That couldn’t have been
    That mustn’t have been
  • You ___________ the whole cake! It was huge. (EAT)
    You mustn’t have eaten
    You can’t have eaten
    You shouldn’t have eaten
  • I don't have anything to wear today. I (do) the laundry before.
    must have done
    should have done
    may have done
  • You __________ Luke yesterday. He left the city six months ago. (SEE)
    You can’t have seen
    You mustn’t have seen
    You might not have seen
  • He __________ a bike at noon. He was at home. (RIDE)
    He can't have ridden
    He mustn't have ridden
    He may not have ridden
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