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Geology Unit Review

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  • What are two types of mines?
    Surface/open-cast mines and Underground mines
  • What do we mean when we refer to the texture of a rock?
    Arrangement of minerals inside the rock
  • Which layer of the planet contains all life?
    Biosphere
  • What is a mineral?
    Solid, inorganic, naturally ocuring substance; specific chemical composition
  • Name the layers of the Geosphere/Earth
    Crust, Mantle, Core
  • What are mines?
    Places where minerals are extracted from earths crust
  • What are ores?
    Minerals that contain metals
  • What does it mean for a rock to be foliated?
    Has parallel layers
  • Is the inner or outer core solid? Why?
    The inner core is solid due to pressure
  • The Mantle is made primarily of
    Peridotite
  • How do sedimentary rocks form?
    Sediments are deposited, build up, and compact over time
  • Name two uses of minerals
    Ore, raw materials (industry), gems and precious stones
  • What does it mean for a rock to be complex or Heterogenous?
    Formed by several different minerals
  • The core is made mostly of (mineral)
    Iron
  • What is the process that creates metamorphic rocks?
    Metamorphism
  • Name two physical properties used to classify minerals
    Shape of crystals, streak, color, luster, hardness, cleavage, density
  • What is the definition of a rock?
    Solid, naturally occuring aggregates of one or various minerals
  • The continental crust is made of rocks such as
    Granite, clay, and slate
  • What does it mean for a rock to be Homogenous?
    Formed by one mineral
  • The layers of the Geosphere are seperated by
    Discontinuities
  • How do metamorphic rocks form?
    Pressure and heat change the compositon of a rock
  • What is a plutonic rock?
    A rock that solidifies in the interior of the Earth
  • Rocks are extracted from
    Gravel pits, quarries, and underground quarries
  • We use rocks to make what types of building materials?
    Cement and concrete
  • What is name of the process that creates sedimentary rocks?
    Lithification
  • How can we classify igenous rocks?
    Volcanic/Extrusive; Plutonic/Intrusive
  • What is a volcanic rock?
    A rock that solidifies in the exterior
  • How are minerals used in industry?
    Uraninite for nuclear fuel, quartz for glass and solar, and gypsum for plaster, fertilizers, and explosives
  • What is the first step of Earth Formation?
    Sun was formed from nebula
  • The oceanic crust is made primarily of (rock type)
    Basalt
  • Which layer of the planet has water in three states?
    Hydropshere
  • Which type of rock forms when magma cools?
    Igenous/Magmatic Rocks
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