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SEMANTICS: Unit 17 Meaning of Postulates
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Which sentence is anomalous?
I just killed the desk
Hilda’s cow is a beautiful animal
A parrot is a kind of bird.
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Write meaning postulates to account for the hyponymy between the following pair of two-place predicates: RED, COLOUR
x RED y -> x COLOUR y
x RED y ~ x COLOUR y
x RED -> x COLOUR
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Write meaning postulates, using the negative connective ~ to account for the antonymy between the following pair:TRUE, FALSE
x TRUE y -> x FALSE y
x TRUE y ~ x FALSE y
x TRUE y -> ~x FALSE y
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Is it true to say that if something is red, then it must be concrete (in the sense of non-abstract)?
YES
NO
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The hyponymy relation between predicates is often naturally expressed by the phrase ‘ . . . is a kind of . . . ’
FALSE
TRUE
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"This object is dead" entails "This object was once alive but is no longer alive"?
TRUE
FALSE
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"Christopher is killing phonemes" is an example of__________________
ANOMALY
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The negative connective ~ can be used to account for relations of binary antonymy.
synonymy
hyponymy
binary antonymy
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The propositional connective & corresponds roughly to if . . .then.
FALSE
TRUE
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The connective -> expresses _____________
paraphrase
synonymy
entailment
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Formulate a partial dictionary entry for red, expressing its relationship to concrete, using the meaning postulate notation.
RED: x RED -> ~ y CONCRETE
RED: x RED -> y CONCRETE
RED: x RED -> x CONCRETE
RED: x RED -> ~ x CONCRETE
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This example expresses the fact that man (in sense 1) is a synonym of human being.
FALSE
TRUE
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Is "This ram is female" a contradiction?
YES
NO
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The restriction of the predicate red to things satisfied by the predicate concrete is a ___________
selectional restriction
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The basic form of a logical ______________ is p & ~ p
CONTRADICTION
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_________________ and selectional restrictions are expressed by meaning postulates that look formally alike.
Synonymy relations
Hyponymy relations
Antonymy relations
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Which following statement is correct?
HUMAN BEING is a synonym of MAN
HUMAN BEING is a hyponym of ADULT
HUMAN BEING is a two-place predicate.
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Which is the superordinate terminthefollowinglist: man, stallion, male, boy, bull, boar
MALE
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