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SEMANTICS: Unit 17 Meaning of Postulates

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  • Which sentence is anomalous?
    I just killed the desk
    Hilda’s cow is a beautiful animal
    A parrot is a kind of bird.
  • Write meaning postulates to account for the hyponymy between the following pair of two-place predicates: RED, COLOUR
    x RED y -> x COLOUR y
    x RED y ~ x COLOUR y
    x RED -> x COLOUR
  • Write meaning postulates, using the negative connective ~ to account for the antonymy between the following pair:TRUE, FALSE
    x TRUE y -> x FALSE y
    x TRUE y ~ x FALSE y
    x TRUE y -> ~x FALSE y
  • Is it true to say that if something is red, then it must be concrete (in the sense of non-abstract)?
    YES
    NO
  • The hyponymy relation between predicates is often naturally expressed by the phrase ‘ . . . is a kind of . . . ’
    FALSE
    TRUE
  • "This object is dead" entails "This object was once alive but is no longer alive"?
    TRUE
    FALSE
  • "Christopher is killing phonemes" is an example of__________________
    ANOMALY
  • The negative connective ~ can be used to account for relations of binary antonymy.
    synonymy
    hyponymy
    binary antonymy
  • The propositional connective & corresponds roughly to if . . .then.
    FALSE
    TRUE
  • The connective -> expresses _____________
    paraphrase
    synonymy
    entailment
  • Formulate a partial dictionary entry for red, expressing its relationship to concrete, using the meaning postulate notation.
    RED: x RED -> ~ y CONCRETE
    RED: x RED -> y CONCRETE
    RED: x RED -> x CONCRETE
    RED: x RED -> ~ x CONCRETE
  • This example expresses the fact that man (in sense 1) is a synonym of human being.
    FALSE
    TRUE
  • Is "This ram is female" a contradiction?
    YES
    NO
  • The restriction of the predicate red to things satisfied by the predicate concrete is a ___________
    selectional restriction
  • The basic form of a logical ______________ is p & ~ p
    CONTRADICTION
  • _________________ and selectional restrictions are expressed by meaning postulates that look formally alike.
    Synonymy relations
    Hyponymy relations
    Antonymy relations
  • Which following statement is correct?
    HUMAN BEING is a synonym of MAN
    HUMAN BEING is a hyponym of ADULT
    HUMAN BEING is a two-place predicate.
  • Which is the superordinate terminthefollowinglist: man, stallion, male, boy, bull, boar
    MALE