"Stop making noise,” the teacher said to us. (TOLD) The teacher______________________.making nose
TOLD US TO STOP (reported speech)
"Switch off your mobile in Bob's classes," Carlos said to Maria. (WARNED) Carlos ______ her mobile in Bob's classes.
WARNED MARIA TO SWITCH OFF
My colleague probably won’t come to the meeting. (UNLIKELY) My colleague ____________________________ to the meeting.
IS UNLIKELY TO COME
Why did you sell such a great car? (MADE) - What ________such a great car?
MADE YOU SELL
The tour guide took the Americans to the castle. (TAKEN) The Americans _______ by the tour guide.
WERE TAKEN TO THE CASTLE (passive)
The course wasn't as easy as I'd expected. (MORE) The course ______ I'd expected.
WAS MORE DIFFICULT THAN (comparatives)
They didn’t even make the effort to call to say they'd be late. (BOTHER) They_____________________.to say they'd be late.
DIDN'T EVEN BOTHER CALLING
'What do you think of the college?' she asked me. (ASKED) She ______ of the college.
ASKED (ME) WHAT I THOUGHT (reported speech)
I can help you with your kids. (MIND) I ______________________you with your kids.
DON'T MIND HELPING
Kevin doesn't feel like going out tonight. (RATHER) Kevin________________________________ out tonight.
WOULD RATHER NOT GO
It was a mistake to go to that pub. (HAVE) - We ____to that pub.
SHOULDN'T HAVE GONE | SHOULD NOT HAVE GONE
The food was so good we had to leave a tip. (SUCH) It ______ that we had to leave a tip.
WAS SUCH GOOD FOOD
Steve definitely didn't write that essay. (HAVE) That essay ______ by Steve.
CAN'T HAVE BEEN WRITTEN (passive)
We haven't arranged a date for the wedding yet. (BEEN) A date for the wedding ______ yet.
HAS NOT BEEN ARRANGED (passive)
She decided not to go to university. (AGAINST) She ____________________________to university.
DECIDED AGAINST GOING
The examiner tells candidates the regulations at the beginning of the exam. (TOLD) At the beginning of the exam candidates ____ the regulations.
ARE TOLD (ABOUT) (passive)
I haven't visited the art gallery in a month. (BEEN) I _________ the art gallery for a month.
HAVEN'T BEEN TO
They say beef production produces 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. SAID Beef production ________ 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
IS SET TO PRODUCE (reported speech)
I'm not as good at maths as you. (BETTER) You ______me.
ARE BETTER AT MATHS THAN (comparatives)
I regret not inviting Cathy to the party. (ONLY) If ______ Cathy.
ONLY I HAD INVITED (unreal past)
Many people think Steve stole the money. (Believed) - Steve _______the money
IS BELIEVED TO HAVE STOLEN (passive)
They found the ring when they were fixing the garden. (CAME) They ____________________________ when they were fixing the garden.
CAME ACROSS THE RING (phrasal verb)
It was silly of him to buy the software without reading the requirements. (OUGHT) He ______the requirements before buying the software.
OUGHT TO HAVE READ (modal verb)
''Do you know when the match starts, Sally?'' asked Mary. (IF) - Mary asked Sally ______ time the match started.
IF SHE KNEW WHAT | IF SHE KNEW THE (reporting speech)
I will only bring a jacket if it rains. (UNLESS) I will _________________ it rains.
NOT BRING A JACKET UNLESS
The police have cancelled the demonstration. (HAS) The demonstration ______ by the police.
HAS BEEN CANCELLED (passive)
The lawyers postponed the meeting until the following month. (OFF) The meeting ________ the lawyers until the following month.
WAS PUT OFF BY (passive + phrasal verb)
He was really excited about being a father. (LOOKING) He was_____________________________a father
REALLY LOOKING FORWARD TO BEING
Steve didn't manage to complete his work. (FAILED) - Steve ______ his work
FAILED TO COMPLETE
They've cancelled the wedding. (OFF) They have _____ the wedding.
CALLED OFF (phrasal verb)
She prefers going to Thai restaurants to Italian ones. RATHER She ._______ Thai restaurants than Italian ones.
WOULD/'D RATHER GO TO
Did we send that letter to Mr Thomas? (WAS) Do you know if _____ to Mr Thomas?
THE LETTER WAS SENT (passive)
I'm sorry I didn't go to college. (REGRET) - I ___ to college
REGRET NOT GOING | REGRET NOT HAVING GONE
Robert borrowed my car yesterday. (TO) - I _____ Robert yesterday.
LENT MY CAR TO
Lucy asked what my reaction to the news was. (FELT) Lucy asked me ____ the news.
HOW I FELT ABOUT (reported speech)
You’ve got to decide what you want to study next year. (TIME) It’s _________________________ what you want to study next year.
(HIGH) TIME YOU DECIDED
It's possible that he hasn't been informed about his uncle's death. (MIGHT) - He ____ informed about his uncle's death.
MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN
You should take an umbrella with you. (BETTER) You ______ an umbrella with you.
HAD BETTER TAKE
Please send me some more information. (GRATEFUL) - I _____ you would send me some more information.
WOULD BE GRATEFUL IF | 'D BE GRATEFUL IF (second conditional - Polite request)
Jason regrets losing his temper with his son. (WISHES) Jason _______ his temper with his son.
WISHES HE HADN'T LOST
Someone is going to redecorate our terrace for us next week. HAVE We are going to _________________________________ next week.
HAVE OUR TERRACE REDECORATED (passive)
Susan and Frank don't like each other. (WELL) - Susan and Frank don't _____ with each other.
GET ON WELL (get on with = phrasal verb)
The computer was too expensive for me to buy. (ENOUGH) I ______ money to buy the computer.
DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH
What time did you get to the airport yesterday? (AT) What time __________________________the airport yesterday?
DID YOU ARRIVE AT
A very friendly taxi driver drove us into town. (DRIVEN) - We _______ a very friendly taxi driver.
WERE DRIVEN INTO TOWN BY (passive)
I’d prefer us not to have the party in my house. (RATHER) I______________________have the party in my house.
WOULD RATHER WE DIDN'T
'I'll call you later tonight,' Keith promised. WOULD Keith promised that ..... night.
HE WOULD CALL LATER THAT (reported speech)
He behaves like the President of the company. (THOUGH) He acts ____ the President of the company. as though he were
AS THOUGH HE WERE/WAS
The garage on the corner usually repairs my car. (HAVE) I ______ by the garage on the corner.
USUALLY HAVE/GET MY CAR REPAIRED (passive)
I regret not selling my house sooner. (SOLD) I wish _______________________ my house sooner.
I HAD SOLD
Joan was in favour of visiting the museum. (IDEA) - Joan thought it would be ______ to the museum.
A GOOD IDEA TO GO
This exercise is easier than the last one. (HARD) This exercise ______ the last one.
IS NOT AS HARD AS (compartives)
How many pyramids did the Egyptians build? (BY) How many pyramids ________________________ the Egyptians?
WERE BUILT BY (passive)
I was on my way to get my son from school. (UP) I was on my way_____________________________.from school.
TO PICK UP MY SON (phrasal verb)
Why don't you start doing a sport? (TAKING) Have you thought about _______ a sport?
TAKING UP (phrasal verb)
She's driving too fast for me to keep up with her. (ENOUGH) - She ______ for me to keep up with her.
IS NOT DRIVING SLOWLY ENOUGH | ISN'T DRIVING SLOWLY ENOUGH
The teacher didn’t let them leave the class. (ALLOWED) They _________________________________ leave the class.
WERE NOT ALLOWED TO
How long has she been studying English? (BEGIN) - When _____ studying English?
DID SHE BEGIN
She was just going to have her breakfast when the phone rang. (ABOUT) - She was just _____ breakfast when the phone rang.
ABOUT TO HAVE HER (collocation)
The bank closed before I arrived. (ALREADY) When I got to the bank, it ____________
HAD ALREADY CLOSED
Many teenagers like social networking sites such as Instagram or BeReal. (WITH) Facebook and Twiteer________________________________teenagers
ARE POPULAR WITH
I think I need to drink less coffee and take tea instead. (CUT) I think I need to___________________coffee and take tea instead.
CUT DOWN ON (phrasal verb)
Mark is very patient, he'll never give up. (TOO) - Mark is _______ give up.
TOO PATIENT TO | TOO PATIENT TO EVER
The boss won’t tolerate you being late any longer. (PUT) The boss won’t___________________tardiness any longer.
PUT UP WITH YOUR (phrasal verb)
This summer has been much cooler than last year. (COOL) Last summer _____ this year.
WAS NOT AS COOL AS (comparatives)
Martin inherited the house after his mother's death. (INTO) - Martin ____ the house after his mother's death.
CAME INTO (phrasal verb)
The book that I borrowed from you is interesting. (WHICH) The book____________ me is interesting.
WHICH YOU LENT
He tried to keep running although he felt tired. (SPITE) He tried to keep running _____________________________ tired.
IN SPITE OF FEELING
Experts estimate that most people now have access to the Internet. (IS) ______ that most people now have access to the Internet.
IT IS ESTIMATED (BY EXPERTS) (passive)
Fashion is not the same as it was in the 1970s. (CHANGED) Fashion _______________________________________ the 1970s.
HAS CHANGED SINCE
I find it difficult not to laugh every time I remember what happened. (HELP) I______________________________every time I remember what happened.
CAN'T HELP LAUGHING
My host family will let you stay with us. (UP) My host family will _______ .
PUT YOU UP (phrasal verb)
They will have given him the news by now. (TOLD) He ______ the news by now.
WILL HAVE BEEN TOLD (passive)
The English teacher had the respect of his students. (UP) The students ._______ English teacher.
LOOKEP UP TO THEIR/THE (phrasal verb)
Was it necessary for her to spend so much money on it? (HAVE) - Did ______ spend so much money on it?
SHE HAVE TO
Thanks for telling me that they are closed on Saturdays. I’ll remember it. (KEEP) Thanks for telling me that they are closed on Saturdays.I’ll_______________________________
KEET THAT/IT IN MIND
As soon as I woke up, the telephone rang. (HAD) - Hardly _____ the telephone rang.
HAD I WOKEN UP WHEN | HAD I WOKEN UP BEFORE (inversion)
She went to the cinema alone. (ON) She went to the cinema ________________________________.
ON HER OWN
I regret not speaking to Marge sooner. (HAD) I wish ______________ sonner.
I HAD SPOKEN TO MARGE (unreal past)
The boss didn't really like the employee. (IMPRESSION) - The employee didn't really _____ the boss
MAKE AN IMPRESSION ON (collocation)
It’s a pity we don’t have a warmer climate! (ONLY) If _____________________ a warmer climate!
ONLY WE HAD
I've got to reduce the amount of sweets I eat. (DOWN) I must _____ the number of sweets I eat.
CUT DOWN ON