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Arguments for the existence of God (AS only)

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  • Define contingent being
    Something which relies on something else to exist
  • Explain Hume's argument to design
    Humans don't have enough knowledge to conclude there is only one designer or any designer at all
  • What is the fine tuning argument?
    universe could have only occurred with the intervention of an intelligence
  • What is an empricist?
    Someone who accepts evidence experienced througb senses
  • What did Hume say we should compare the universeto?
    A vegetable
  • Guanilo's criticism of the OA
    Island analogy - imagining the most perfect thing does not mean it actually exists
  • Who argued 'simplicity is always evidence for the truth' and how does it support the DA
    Swinburne - God as designer is the simplest answer
  • Anselm's definition of God?
    God is that than which nothing greater can be concieved
  • What is a posteriori knowledge
    Knowledge gained after sense experience
  • What is the name of Paley's book
    Natural theology
  • What does the multiverse theory suggest?
    optimal living conditions may exist in the futur
  • What is anthropomorphism?
    Attributing human qualities to a non human being
  • "we find in nature things that are possible to be and not to be...” - who? what context?
    Aquinas - things didn't have to exist and yet they do - showing proof of a necessary being
  • What is an inductive argument?
    An argument based on empirical evidence
  • What is a priori knowledge?
    Knowledge gained before sense experience
  • What is the Epicurean hypothesis?
    Atoms overtime naturally became ordered - this was inevitable
  • One criticism by Russell of the CA
    Brute fact / fallacy of composition
  • Define telos
    end gaol/purpose
  • What is the anthropic priniciple?
    life could not exist in a universe that was significantly smaller than the observed
  • One criticism by Hume of the CA
    Problem of induction
  • Explain way 2 using an example
    Causation - Humans are caused by their parents etc
  • One of Kant's criticisms of the OA
    Existence is not a predicate/God is nto a necessary being
  • What three observations of the world does Paley make to argue for the existencce of a designer?
    order, complexity, purpose
  • What is a deductive argument?`
    If the premise is true then the conclusion is true
  • What is design qua regularity - with an exampl!
    Observation of regularity in the universe e.g. orbit of planet
  • One criticism of the design argument
    Problem of evil
  • How can Leibniz be used as a defence for the CA
    Principle of sufficient reason - everything that exists needs to have a cause
  • Aquinas' 3 ways?
    Motion, Cause, Contingency
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