facts or information indicating whether a belief or statement is true or valid.
Evidence
clearly stated
explicit
A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
Bias
special words used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. Slang.
Jargon
the art of using language effectively and persuasively
Rhetoric
a general rule in speaking, in writing, and in music, that states that concepts or ideas presented in threes are inherently more interesting, more enjoyable, and more memorable.
Rule of Three
This rhetorical fallacy attacks the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."
ad hominem
A personal view, attitude, or appraisal.
Opinion
a false or mistaken idea
fallacy
Appeal to reason
Logos
A means of persuasion in an argument. According to Aristotle, there are 3 fundamental appeals to persuade a person: 1. Reason (Logos), 2. Ethics (Ethos), and 3. Emotion (Pathos).
Appeal
unfair appeal to the audience's emotions
Emotional Fallacy
a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong
Argument
an argument that is not sound but may still be convincing
rhetorical fallacy
A conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person. (Example: Jenny's dog is mean. All dogs are mean.)
Generalization
A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.
Rhetorical Question
an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
Connotation
a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief
Assertion
a statement that many (or even most) people believe to be true, even though they cannot prove that it is a fact
.Common Assertion
The act of proving wrong by offering an opposite argument
Rebuttal
specific, clear, detailed (leaves little room for interpretation)
Explicit Message
uses visuals, body language, etc. to communicate meaning; the meaning must be inferred
Implicit Message
Ethical appeal
Ethos
words that imply a value judgement, used to persuade a reader without having made a serious argument (positive or negative connotations)
Loaded Language
A statement that can be proved.
Fact
a mistake in reasoning (example: Because everything is bigger in Texas, you can expect dogs to be the size of horses.)
Logical Fallacy
Appeal to emotion
Pathos
unreasonably advance the writer's own authority or character
Ethical Fallacy
the dictionary meaning of a word
Denotation
Repeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis.
Repetition
to indicate or suggest without being explicitly stated
imply
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