A means of persuasion in an argument. According to Aristotle, there are 3 fundamental appeals to persuade a person: 1. Reason (Logos), 2. Ethics (Ethos), and 3. Emotion (Pathos).
Appeal
a statement that many (or even most) people believe to be true, even though they cannot prove that it is a fact
.Common Assertion
Ethical appeal
Ethos
to indicate or suggest without being explicitly stated
imply
words that imply a value judgement, used to persuade a reader without having made a serious argument (positive or negative connotations)
Loaded Language
A conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person. (Example: Jenny's dog is mean. All dogs are mean.)
Generalization
the dictionary meaning of a word
Denotation
The act of proving wrong by offering an opposite argument
Rebuttal
This rhetorical fallacy attacks the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."
ad hominem
a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong
Argument
A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
Bias
clearly stated
explicit
A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.
Rhetorical Question
Repeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis.
Repetition
Appeal to reason
Logos
Appeal to emotion
Pathos
A personal view, attitude, or appraisal.
Opinion
A statement that can be proved.
Fact
specific, clear, detailed (leaves little room for interpretation)
Explicit Message
uses visuals, body language, etc. to communicate meaning; the meaning must be inferred
Implicit Message
facts or information indicating whether a belief or statement is true or valid.
Evidence
the art of using language effectively and persuasively
Rhetoric
a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief
Assertion
special words used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. Slang.
Jargon
a false or mistaken idea
fallacy
an argument that is not sound but may still be convincing
rhetorical fallacy
a general rule in speaking, in writing, and in music, that states that concepts or ideas presented in threes are inherently more interesting, more enjoyable, and more memorable.
Rule of Three
an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
Connotation
unreasonably advance the writer's own authority or character
Ethical Fallacy
unfair appeal to the audience's emotions
Emotional Fallacy
a mistake in reasoning (example: Because everything is bigger in Texas, you can expect dogs to be the size of horses.)
Logical Fallacy
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