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Biology Cumulative Final Exam 2023

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  • In DNA, Adenine always pairs with ___________________.
    Uracil
    Cytosine
    Guanine
    Thymine
  • Which of the following scientists is famous for his voyage on the HMS Beagle?
    Linnaeus
    Hooke
    Darwin
    Mendel
  • Type of mutation where a single base pair is changed
    point mutation
  • Protein synthesis takes place at __________________________.
    the golgi apparatus
    the mitochondria
    chloroplasts
    a ribosome
  • If you would cross a homozygous dominant individual with a heterozygous individual, what would be the phenotypic ratio of the possible offspring?
    50% would show dominant, 50% would show recessive
    100% would show recessive trait
    25% would show dominant, 75% would show recessive
    100% would show dominant trait
  • During which phase of meiosis does the crossing over of homologous chromosomes take place?
    interphase I
    anaphase I
    metaphase I
    prophase I
  • When a part of a chromosome is left off, which type of chromosomal alteration is taking place?
    inversion
    insertion
    deletion
  • Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene?
    a gamete
    an alternate form of a gene
    a specific location on a chromosome that codes for a trait
    none of these
  • Mitosis is the division of ______________ and Meiosis is the division of _______________.
    all of these
    diploid cells, haploid cells
    somatic cells, gametes
    body cells, sex cells
  • _______________ is a mechanism for change in populations; i.e. the idea of “nature picks what works.”
    phylogeny
    natural selection
    artificial selection
    evolution
  • _____________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    triglycerides
  • The central dogma of biology can be described as _______________________________.
    DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is translated to protein.
  • When going from DNA to RNA, _______________________ is taking place.
    DNA replication
    translation
    transcription
    none of these
  • Which of the following is the name of the enzyme that unzips the double helix during DNA replication?
    ligase
    helicase
    nuclease
    DNA polymerase
  • ___________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates
    monosaccharides
  • This organelle stores the genetic information in eukaryotic cells.
    the nucleus
  • Light absorption primiarly takes place during which part(s) of photosynthesis?
    Photosystem II
    photosystem I
    photosystem I and II
    the Calvin Cycle
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of a nucleotide?
    sugar
    nitrogenous base
    none of these
    phosphate group
  • ______________ makes sugars, while _____________ breaks down sugars.
    photosynthesis, cellular respiration
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the three main parts of DNA replication?
    Initiation
    Termination
    Elongation
    None of these
  • ____________ are the building blocks of nucleic acids
    nucleotides
  • Which of the following genotypes would represent a homozygous recessive individual?
    GG
    Gg
    gg
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    DNA - nucleic acid
    transport protein - protein
    glycogen - lipid
    cellulose - carbohydrate
  • Which type of organism contains specialized cells?
    multicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
  • DNA replication occurs ___________________________.
    during transcription
    during protein synthesis
    during translation
    in the s phase of interphase
  • Which of the following best describes the definition of evolution that we discussed in class?
    none of these
    the change to an individual organism
    what's evolution?
    the change in genetic frequencies in a population over time
  • The enzyme in charge of proof-reading the DNA strand after it is replicated is ________________.
    Nuclease
    DNA Polymerase
    Ligase
    Helicase
  • __________ are the building blocks of proteins
    amino acids
  • Which of the following phenotypes would be expressed given the genotype tt?
    the dominant phenotype
    the heterozygous phenotype
    the recessive phenotype
    none of these
  • This organelle provides the site for cellular respiration.
    mitochondria
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