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Biology Cumulative Final Exam 2025

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  • If you would cross a homozygous dominant individual with a heterozygous individual, what would be the phenotypic ratio of the possible offspring?
    100% would show recessive trait
    100% would show dominant trait
    25% would show dominant, 75% would show recessive
    50% would show dominant, 50% would show recessive
  • Light absorption primiarly takes place during which part(s) of photosynthesis?
    Photosystem II
    photosystem I
    photosystem I and II
    the Calvin Cycle
  • _______________ is a mechanism for change in populations; i.e. the idea of “nature picks what works.”
    evolution
    natural selection
    artificial selection
    phylogeny
  • This organelle stores the genetic information in eukaryotic cells.
    the nucleus
  • ___________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates
    monosaccharides
  • Which of the following scientists is famous for his voyage on the HMS Beagle?
    Mendel
    Darwin
    Hooke
    Linnaeus
  • This organelle provides the site for cellular respiration.
    mitochondria
  • Which of the following genotypes would represent a homozygous recessive individual?
    GG
    gg
    Gg
  • __________ are the building blocks of proteins
    amino acids
  • In DNA, Adenine always pairs with ___________________.
    Cytosine
    Thymine
    Guanine
    Uracil
  • The central dogma of biology can be described as _______________________________.
    DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is translated to protein.
  • Mitosis is the division of ______________ and Meiosis is the division of _______________.
    somatic cells, gametes
    body cells, sex cells
    diploid cells, haploid cells
    all of these
  • Which of the following best describes the definition of evolution that we discussed in class?
    the change in genetic frequencies in a population over time
    what's evolution?
    none of these
    the change to an individual organism
  • Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene?
    an alternate form of a gene
    a specific location on a chromosome that codes for a trait
    none of these
    a gamete
  • DNA replication occurs ___________________________.
    during translation
    in the s phase of interphase
    during transcription
    during protein synthesis
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    glycogen - lipid
    transport protein - protein
    DNA - nucleic acid
    cellulose - carbohydrate
  • When going from DNA to RNA, _______________________ is taking place.
    transcription
    DNA replication
    translation
    none of these
  • The enzyme in charge of proof-reading the DNA strand after it is replicated is ________________.
    Helicase
    Nuclease
    DNA Polymerase
    Ligase
  • Which type of organism contains specialized cells?
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
  • Which of the following is the name of the enzyme that unzips the double helix during DNA replication?
    nuclease
    DNA polymerase
    helicase
    ligase
  • ____________ are the building blocks of nucleic acids
    nucleotides
  • Type of mutation where a single base pair is changed
    point mutation
  • Which of the following phenotypes would be expressed given the genotype tt?
    the dominant phenotype
    the heterozygous phenotype
    the recessive phenotype
    none of these
  • When a part of a chromosome is left off, which type of chromosomal alteration is taking place?
    inversion
    deletion
    insertion
  • Protein synthesis takes place at __________________________.
    the mitochondria
    the golgi apparatus
    a ribosome
    chloroplasts
  • ______________ makes sugars, while _____________ breaks down sugars.
    photosynthesis, cellular respiration
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the three main parts of DNA replication?
    Elongation
    None of these
    Termination
    Initiation
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of a nucleotide?
    sugar
    phosphate group
    nitrogenous base
    none of these
  • During which phase of meiosis does the crossing over of homologous chromosomes take place?
    interphase I
    metaphase I
    prophase I
    anaphase I
  • _____________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    triglycerides
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