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Biology Cumulative Final Exam 2025

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  • Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of a nucleotide?
    phosphate group
    none of these
    sugar
    nitrogenous base
  • Which of the following is the name of the enzyme that unzips the double helix during DNA replication?
    ligase
    nuclease
    helicase
    DNA polymerase
  • ____________ are the building blocks of nucleic acids
    nucleotides
  • DNA replication occurs ___________________________.
    in the s phase of interphase
    during transcription
    during protein synthesis
    during translation
  • _______________ is a mechanism for change in populations; i.e. the idea of “nature picks what works.”
    natural selection
    artificial selection
    evolution
    phylogeny
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the three main parts of DNA replication?
    Elongation
    None of these
    Initiation
    Termination
  • __________ are the building blocks of proteins
    amino acids
  • Which of the following phenotypes would be expressed given the genotype tt?
    the recessive phenotype
    the heterozygous phenotype
    none of these
    the dominant phenotype
  • During which phase of meiosis does the crossing over of homologous chromosomes take place?
    prophase I
    metaphase I
    interphase I
    anaphase I
  • When going from DNA to RNA, _______________________ is taking place.
    translation
    DNA replication
    none of these
    transcription
  • Which type of organism contains specialized cells?
    multicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
  • ______________ makes sugars, while _____________ breaks down sugars.
    photosynthesis, cellular respiration
  • Which of the following scientists is famous for his voyage on the HMS Beagle?
    Darwin
    Linnaeus
    Mendel
    Hooke
  • In DNA, Adenine always pairs with ___________________.
    Cytosine
    Thymine
    Uracil
    Guanine
  • Mitosis is the division of ______________ and Meiosis is the division of _______________.
    somatic cells, gametes
    diploid cells, haploid cells
    all of these
    body cells, sex cells
  • Type of mutation where a single base pair is changed
    point mutation
  • Which of the following best describes the definition of evolution that we discussed in class?
    the change to an individual organism
    what's evolution?
    none of these
    the change in genetic frequencies in a population over time
  • Light absorption primiarly takes place during which part(s) of photosynthesis?
    Photosystem II
    photosystem I
    the Calvin Cycle
    photosystem I and II
  • ___________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates
    monosaccharides
  • The enzyme in charge of proof-reading the DNA strand after it is replicated is ________________.
    Helicase
    Ligase
    DNA Polymerase
    Nuclease
  • This organelle provides the site for cellular respiration.
    mitochondria
  • The central dogma of biology can be described as _______________________________.
    DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is translated to protein.
  • This organelle stores the genetic information in eukaryotic cells.
    the nucleus
  • Protein synthesis takes place at __________________________.
    a ribosome
    the golgi apparatus
    chloroplasts
    the mitochondria
  • Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene?
    an alternate form of a gene
    a gamete
    none of these
    a specific location on a chromosome that codes for a trait
  • When a part of a chromosome is left off, which type of chromosomal alteration is taking place?
    insertion
    inversion
    deletion
  • _____________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    triglycerides
  • If you would cross a homozygous dominant individual with a heterozygous individual, what would be the phenotypic ratio of the possible offspring?
    100% would show recessive trait
    25% would show dominant, 75% would show recessive
    100% would show dominant trait
    50% would show dominant, 50% would show recessive
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    glycogen - lipid
    DNA - nucleic acid
    transport protein - protein
    cellulose - carbohydrate
  • Which of the following genotypes would represent a homozygous recessive individual?
    Gg
    GG
    gg
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