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Modals: deductions about the past

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  • I thought I saw Sarah this morning but it _____ been her – she's in Scotland this week.
    must have
    might have
    couldn't have
  • How did she fail that exam? She _____ studied very much.
    can't have
    could have
    must have
  • He wasn't answering the phone before. Maybe he went to the shop or he _____ been in the shower.
    might have
    couldn't have
    must have
  • I explained the homework but she did the wrong page. She _____ misunderstood me.
    must have
    can't have
    might have
  • Wow! Have you finished all that already? You _____ been hungry!
    might have
    can't have
    must have
  • Where's Clare? Her bag's here and her computer's still on so she _____ gone home.
    must have
    might have
    can't have
  • I _____ left my wallet in the restaurant. I paid for the taxi home afterwards.
    might have
    can't have
    must have
  • I think I _____ left the air conditioning on. Please can you check?
    can't have
    might have
    can have
  • Oh, good! We've got milk. Mo _____ bought some yesterday.
    couldn't have
    might have
    must have
  • Why were there no buses yesterday? Maybe it was the snow or they _____ been on strike.
    couldn't
    might have
    must have
  • Sorry, I don't know if she's here or not. She was feeling ill so she _____ gone home.
    might have
    can have
    must have
  • Oh no! My phone's not in my bag. I _____ left it at home.
    couldn't have
    can have
    must have
  • It is still a mystery how the robber gained access to the bank. Police are investigating whether the suspect _____ known one of the employees.
    must have
    might have
    couldn't have
  • You _____ seen her, surely! She was standing right in front of you.
    can't have
    might have
    must have
  • Oh, great! His car's here. He _____ come home earlier than planned.
    might have
    can have
    must have
  • Let's ask at reception to see if they have your keys. Someone _____ found them.
    can have
    can't have
    could have
  • I can't remember my password! But I _____ written it in my notebook as sometimes I do that.
    might have
    couldn't have
    must have
  • She _____ cleaned the whole house on her own in two hours. She must have had some help.
    can't have
    might have
    must have
  • He _____ known about it when I saw him. I'm sure he would have told me.
    might have
    must have
    couldn't have
  • He _____ gone to Portugal. He didn't have a passport.
    couldn't have
    might have
    must have