If the original uses 'I' replace this with the writer's actual surname, "the writer", or "she/he".
If the original uses 'you', substitute "people" or "they".
remember, though, that, this, has to include all the stages of the exercise, such as reading the question carefully.
final-checking and making last-minute improvements. These are important and can make a big difference to your results.
Change the order if necessary, so that the main idea comes first and is followed by the supporting ideas and evidence in a logical sequence.
Omit any repetitions.
Is it possible to summarize something you have heard, such as lecture or a movie?
Yes,it is possible to summarize something you have heard.
Summary omits details, and does not include the reader's interpretation of the original text. True or False.
True:
You can also refer to it later to refresh your memory, for example when you are revising for an exam, or when you are talking about it in class. (It is also a good idea to turn lecture notes into summaries.)
True, having your own summary notes helps you keep in check with the class work up to date.
Use of the same keywords or technical expressions is probably unavoidable. However, be careful to express the ideas in your own way, using your own vocabulary and expressions as much as possible, rather than copying or just rearranging
All the above points are true.
Since people have different backgrounds and read for different purposes, it is possible that different readers will interpret a writer's message in different ways
Even if they agree, they will probably write their summaries in different ways. In other words, there is unlikely to be only one "correct" summary.
When are summaries used?
1. In general terms, writing summaries is a good way of improving one's ability to read because it forces the reader to focus on understanding the passage.
A good summary may use key words from the original text but should not contain whole phrases or sentences from the original unless quotation marks are used.
Quotations should only be made if there is a reason for using the original words, because the choice of words is significant.
First steps to writing a summary
As you read, underline all the important points and and all the important facts.You could look for all the topic sentences, also the keywords.
A good summary should not include selected examples, details, or information
which are not relevant to the piece of writing taken as a whole.
It should not be a paraphrase of the whole text using your own words. A reference should be made to the original piece either in the title ("A Summary of..."), in the first sentence, or in a footnote or end-note.
True.
A summary does not need a conclusion.
but if the original ends with a message to the reader this should not be left out.
when you read in order to write a summary, you must read in order to decide for yourself what the main points are, in that case you must use your reading skills such as skimming and scanning to understand the central idea of the text
skimming and scanning are recommended for a reader in order to save time and help them to focus on the important facts of the text.
Rearranging the words used in the original, or keeping the same structure but just substituting different words is not enough.
You must express the sense of the original using your own words and structures.
You should not give your own ideas or criticisms as part of the summary.
However, if you want to comment on a piece of writing it is usual to begin by summarizing it as objectively as possible.
How to write a summary of a short piece of writing:
As you read, underline all the important points and and all the important evidence.If there is a word or words that are repeated throughout the passage.
What is a good summary?
It should answer basic questions about the original text such as "Who, where, when what, why and how?
List the main idea of the whole piece, the main supporting ideas, and the main evidence for each idea.
Identifying the main idea while reading the passage helps students to write a better summary.
You should now be ready to write the summary. Start with a sentence that a) identifies the writer and the piece of writing, for example by giving the writer's name
the title of the piece and where/when it appeared, and b) gives the main idea. Use transition words to join everything together.
What is a summary?
A summary is a record in a reader's own words that gives the main points of a piece of writing such as a newspaper article, the chapter of a book.
The main idea should be in the first or second paragraph
You could look out for the 5Ws - What?, Which?, Who?, Where?, When?, Why? - and the 1H - How?
A good tip is to write down how long it takes you to produce a summary or note-taking exercise and then try to improve that time as you progress through your course.
As a general rule, you should spend 20 minutes on the summary exercise or 10 minutes on the linked summary and 15 minutes on note-taking exercise.
When writing academic papers people often need to insert summaries of something that they have read or heard. For example, you might want to summarize the the main points of a book that is relevant to your topic.
In such cases, it is extremely important to use your own words, or quotation marks if you are actually quoting, in order to avoid plagiarism.
Can summaries be used in a classroom setting?
If you are reading something that is very important for your studies or difficult to understand, writing a summary helps you to make you understand the text.