What computer animation company did Steve Jobs co-found, originally called Lucas Films' Graphics Group?
PIXAR
Who was the influential, accredited Color Director with the "iron fist" pulling all the strings behind most Technicolor movies?
Author of "Color Consciousness" Natalie Kalmus, supervising over 300 films. Technicolor wielded its own infrastructure, w. processing facilities + camera crew.
What are the most common 3D Glasses for movies experiences?
Red-Blue 3D Glasses, Polarized Passive, 3D Glasses, + Polarized Active, 3D Glasses (Battery-operated, LCD shutter lenses at 120x per second).
Who was the most beloved, B+W silent movie star + what color were their eyes IRL?
Blue-Eye, Moustached + Bowler-Capped Charlie Chaplin. His funniest + most popular pantomime character was the naive + lovable Little Tramp.
What is Technicolor 4 or 3-strip Technicolor, as seen 1st in Silly Symphony "Flowers and Trees" (1932)?
Process of cinematography using synchronized, monochrome films, each captured through a different color filter (R,G,B), + then combined into a full-color print.
What is performance capture?
Motion capture tech translates actor's physical performance into digital character by recording movement of real-world objects markers placed on actor's body
What's the most commonly used film gauge format (mm) in filmmaking?
35 mm: standard to provide enough room for the image + sprocket hole perforations / pin-belt to advance + register accurately.
What is Camera Obscura?
A darkened room w. a small hole / lens at one side through which an image is projected by light onto a wall opposite the hole. (Precursor to the pinhole camera)
What became the biggest competitor of film until the arrival of the Internet?
Television / TV.
What is IMAX?
A proprietary, enhanced AV experience system in theaters known for having very large screens w. tall aspect ratio, steep stadium seating, + surround sound tech.
Why is Technicolor no longer used since the 80s? (dye-transfer techniques to create color versions of a film strip, involved splitting an image from a film strip into 3 separate colors and then laminating them back together)
$$$$, It required a camera which exposed 3 separate rolls of B+W film. Both the associated hardware + post-prod. required specialized experts in the medium.
What do you call people who are really into films?
Film Buffs or Cinephiles.
What is the animation technique that animators use to trace over motion picture footage, frame by frame, to produce realistic action?
Rotoscoping
What is a live-action, animated film, like "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" (1988)?
Film that combines live-action footage + drawn-over animation.
What was the 1st "Talkie" Film made w. Vitaphone (the leading brand of sound-on-disc technology at the time)?
The 1st "Talkie" feature film was Warner Brothers' "The Jazz Singer." Vitaphone would be soon replaced by the Movietone.
What was the most used musical instrument as live accompaniment for B+W silent movies?
Pianos were the instrument of choice for most movie houses. Both pianos + amateur pianists (mostly young women) were readily available in any town.
Who is the British photographer known for his pioneering work in B+W photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection?
Eadweard Muybridge
When did digital cinematography take over the movie industry?
In 2009, movie theaters started replacing projectors w. digital formats, overtaking film by 2013. Since 2016, > 90% of major films were shot on digital video.
What is Green Screen?
(In techniques such as chromakey) A green background in front of which moving subjects are filmed + which allows a separately filmed background added to final
What are some advances PIXAR made in Digital Computer Animation?
Reconstruction of hair, skin texture, subdivision surfaces (SubD), luminosity through food, etc.
How were films like Georges Méliès' "A Trip to the Moon" originally colored?
200 women, assembly-line style, labour-intensive, hand-painted directly on film stock with brushes in more than 20 colors; using stencils techniques
Used for Disney's Technicolor animations, what was the Multiplane Camera developed by Ub Iwerks?
A motion-picture camera that moves a # of pieces of artwork past the camera at various speeds + distances from 1 another, creating parallax / 3D depth.
What's the difference b/w Kinemacolor, like Smith's "A Visit to the Seaside" (1908) + early, 2-strip Technicolor?
Kinemacolor exposes succeeding frames, alternating b/w Red + Green. Technicolor exposes 2 frames simultaneously, dividing light by prism into 2 paths: R + G
Inspired by Edison's 1-person-at-a-time Kinetoscope, who were the 1st to present projected silent moving pictures to a paying audience: Dec 1895 in Paris using a device of their own making?
Lumière Brothers (known as the Fathers of Cinema) with their hand-cranked, lightweight Cinématographe, which was a camera, projector, + film printer all in 1.