Cold viruses and Flu viruses can be different every year because viruses can alter their __________ and __________.
genetic material and protein spikes
What is a nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are chemicals such as DNA and RNA which act as the "blue prints" needed to make proteins.
gp 120 is _________
A type of envelope protein
What are Retroviruses?
RNA Viruses that carry the enzyme Reversetranscriptase so they can integrate their genome into the host's DNA.
At which level of biological organization will you find viruses?
At the molecular level. Viruses are nothing more than "simple" organic molecules.
How does a virus replicate?
It uses the host cell's organelles and enzymes for DNA transcription and RNA translation.
What does a mosquito have in common with a virus?
They are both considered to be parasites. They need something from their hosts to live and they cause their hosts damage or harm when they get that something.
Viruses that attack bacteria are known as ______________.
Bacteriophages
The word "obligate" means.
You are required to do something. Viruses are obligated to have a host or else they cannot reproduce.
Why do viruses need your ribosomes?
So they can insert their RNA into them and hijack them to make their own proteins.
How do viruses maintain homeostasis?
They don't. Viruses do not eat or sleep. The only thing they can do is maintain the size of their population. The size of the host population matters!
What do you get when you create covalent bonds between 200 amino acids?
You get a protein! Viruses need their hosts so they can make proteins for their itty bitty viral "bodies".
What chemicals can be used to create the genome of a virus?
DNA or RNA
The protein coat of a virus is called a ____________.
Capsid
A DNA virus, such as Adinovirus, will be able to immediately make copies of itself as long as it can get its DNA into a ___________.
An RNA Polymerase enzyme that it either brings with it or finds in the host's nucleus.
The viral envelope for a flu virus is obtained by ______________
The virus breaking out of the host cell and stealing a piece of its cell membrane.
A virus is brought into a liver cell after sticking its spike projection into a cell membrane receptor protein. This is a form of _____________.
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Why are viruses host specific?
Because they must have protein based spike projections that can fit into the specific receptors of cells.
What is replication?
To make more of yourself. Viruses can replicate as long as they have a host.
What does it mean to metabolize? Do viruses metabolize?
Organisms metabolize if they take in chemicals and use them to make energy for themselves. Viruses do not do this.