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What is a Virus?

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  • What chemicals can be used to create the genome of a virus?
    DNA or RNA
  • At which level of biological organization will you find viruses?
    At the molecular level. Viruses are nothing more than "simple" organic molecules.
  • Which of the following cellular machinery gets hijacked by viruses? 1) Mitochondra 2) Cytoskeleton 3) Genome 4) Ribosomes 5) Enzymes
    Everything on the list except the Mitochondria
  • Why are viruses host specific?
    Because they must have protein based spike projections that can fit into the specific receptors of cells.
  • What do you get when you create covalent bonds between 200 amino acids?
    You get a protein! Viruses need their hosts so they can make proteins for their itty bitty viral "bodies".
  • Why do viruses need your ribosomes?
    So they can insert their RNA into them and hijack them to make their own proteins.
  • What does a mosquito have in common with a virus?
    They are both considered to be parasites. They need something from their hosts to live and they cause their hosts damage or harm when they get that something.
  • What does it mean to metabolize? Do viruses metabolize?
    Organisms metabolize if they take in chemicals and use them to make energy for themselves. Viruses do not do this.
  • What is replication?
    To make more of yourself. Viruses can replicate as long as they have a host.
  • The protein coat of a virus is called a ____________.
    Capsid
  • A DNA virus, such as Adinovirus, will be able to immediately make copies of itself as long as it can get its DNA into a ___________.
    An RNA Polymerase enzyme that it either brings with it or finds in the host's nucleus.
  • The word "obligate" means.
    You are required to do something. Viruses are obligated to have a host or else they cannot reproduce.
  • Which is the most widespread? Endemic, Epidemic, or Pandemic?
    Pandemic
  • An organism, such as a mosquito or a bat, that can transmit a virus to a human or another animal WITHOUT getting the disease itself is known as ___________.
    A Vector
  • What are Retroviruses?
    RNA Viruses that carry the enzyme Reversetranscriptase so they can integrate their genome into the host's DNA.
  • Immediately after being brought into a host cell, most viruses will have to go through a process known as _______ that involves being digested by chemicals from an organelle known as _________.
    Uncoating / Lysosome or Endosome
  • gp 120 is _________
    A type of envelope protein
  • The viral envelope for a flu virus is obtained by ______________
    The virus breaking out of the host cell and stealing a piece of its cell membrane.
  • How does a virus replicate?
    It uses the host cell's organelles and enzymes for DNA transcription and RNA translation.
  • How do viruses maintain homeostasis?
    They don't. Viruses do not eat or sleep. The only thing they can do is maintain the size of their population. The size of the host population matters!
  • What is a nucleic acid
    Nucleic acids are chemicals such as DNA and RNA which act as the "blue prints" needed to make proteins.
  • A virus is brought into a liver cell after sticking its spike projection into a cell membrane receptor protein. This is a form of _____________.
    Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
  • Viruses that attack bacteria are known as ______________.
    Bacteriophages
  • Cold viruses and Flu viruses can be different every year because viruses can alter their __________ and __________.
    genetic material and protein spikes
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