Unit 4 Human Growth and Development

Integrity v

Identity v

Childhood trauma and adversity

Having to do with an organism's physical processes.

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

A conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world

Initiative v

Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance

A stimulus that weakens a response when it is presented after the response

Belief that inanimate objects have feelings such as a stuffed animal or doll

Trust v

Changing a schema

Intimacy v

Vygotsky's term for someone who helps a child learn a new concept by working with that child in his/her zone of proximal development.

Industry v

According to Vygotsky: The gap between what a child is already able to do and what he or she is not yet capable of doing without help

According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential

Generativity v

Autonomy v

The knowledge that an object exists even when it's not in view.

Adding to a current schema to incorporate new information.