Life on land offered many opportunities for Plant adoptions that took advantage of?
B. Abundant CO2
A. All of the above
C. Initially if you pathogens or herbivores
D. Unlimited sunlight
The cell walls of some plant tissues are thickened and reinforced by chemical called?
Lignin
What is an example of a bryophyte?
C. Liverworts
B. Mosses
D. Hornworts
A. All of the above
Structures that keep plant cells moist are called
Gametangia
All green algae (Chlorophyta) and plants share a common revolutionary ancestor. They both contain the photo synthetic pigments ____________ and ____________?
Chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B
In most, the hyphae consist of chains of cells separated by _______ that have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and nuclei to flow cell to cell
Cross-walls (septae)
________ Refer to any single celled fungus
Yeasts
Unlike land plants, algae are supported by surrounding?
D. All of the above
B. Soil
C. Air
A. Water
Most ________ consist of a mass of threadlike hyphae making up a mycelium
Fungi
Ovules develop into _______
Seeds
Lifecycle involves an Alternation of a haploid generation that produces eggs and sperm and a diploid generation that produces spores in protective structures called?
Sporangia
_________ adaptions for life on land distinguish the main lineages of the plant kingdom
B. Three key
C. Five key
D. Two key
A. Four key
Fungi secrete powerful ________ to digest food externally
Enzymes
__________ embryos are present for plants
B. Independent
D. Living
A. Dependent
C. Dead
What is the name of this plant that Thrived in Devonian, about 400 million years ago?
Rhynia
________ Are found in a lineage that includes all living gymnosperms and angiosperms
C. Sugars
B. Spores
A. Seeds
D. A and B only
When the hyphae meet their _________ fuse
Cytoplasms
The green algae ancestors of plants may have carpeted moist fringes of __________ and coastal salt marshes
C. Ponds
D. Oceans
A. Lakes
B. Rivers
_______ are heterotrophic eukaryotes
Fungi
Zygotes develops into an embryo while attached to and nourished by the parent plants called?
D. lignin
A. Embryophytes
B. Xylem
C. Phloem
A _______ Is any rapidly growing fungus that reproduce asexually by making spores
Mold
True or false…Some species of plants accumulated adaptions then enabled them to live permanently above the water?
true
What is an example of a fossil fuel?
A. All of the above
C. Oil
D. Natural gas
B. Coal
Pines and flowering plants have _______ grains, structures that contain the sperm producing cells
Pollen
Unlike land plants, algae all use Flagellated sperm that swim to fertilize and _______?
Egg
What are plants and green algae called?
Charophytes
_________ house separate male and female gametophytes
Flowers
Chytrids are common in lakes, ponds, and _______
Soil
Unlike land plants, algae receive light and perform photosynthesis over most of their _______?
D. Air
B. Soil
C. Water
A. Body
Seed dispersal mechanisms include? (Spread)
Wind, animals, edible fruits, water
Bryophytes resemble other plants in having apical meristem’s and embryos retained on the parent plant but lack…?
True roots, true leaves, and lignified cell walls
Ovaries develop into
Fruit
________ _______ _______ mark a lineage that gave rise to most living plants
Lignified vascular tissues
__________ _______ Use only asexual reproduction for sport production and include species commonly called molds and yeasts
Imperfect fungi
The absence of lignified cell walls in some plants limits their _______?
B. Color
D. Sugar
A. Height
C. Moisture
Which answer best describes a disadvantage to plant life on land?
A. Reproduce and disperse offspring without water
B. Anchor their bodies to soil
C. Obtain resources from soil and air
D. All of the above
The offspring of seedless plants are sent off into the world as haploid, ________ - ____ ______ that must survive independently as gametophytes before producing the next sporophyte generation
Single-called spores
In many land plants, water and minerals move up from roots to stems and leaves using ________?
Vascular tissue
True or false….plants must maintain moisture inside their cells to avoid desiccation And is a disadvantage to plant life on land
True
Pollination occurs when a pollen grains lands on the _________
Stigma
Land plants maintain moisture in their cells using
C. Sugars
B. Cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata
Both A and B
A. A waxy cuticle
Algae disperse the offspring by_____?
A. Water
D. None of the above
B. Swimming
C. Receiving light
Angiosperms evolved at least _____ million years ago and are flowering plants
B. 120
C. 100
D. 150
A. 140
Seedless vascular plants dominated vest “coal forests”… when these plants died they formed _______ deposits that eventually formed _________
Peat, coal
About. _________ Million years ago, vascular plants evolved with ligning hardened vascular tissue
425
Gymnosperms (do or do not) produce flowers? (They are a vascular seed plant)
Do not
Mycorrhizae represent a symbiotic relationship between fungi and ___________
Plant root cells
Phloem Consists of _______ cells and conveys ______
Living, sugar
___________ are thought to have evolved from common ancestors
D. Gametes
A. Zygotes
C. Spores
B. Charophytes
About ____ of angiosperms use animals to transfer the pollen
A. 90%
D. 70%
C. 99%
B. 80%
What is a zygote?
B. A cell wall
D. Lignin
C. Fertilized egg
A. A tissue
What is a Chara?
An elaborate charophyte
In gymnosperms, such as pines and other conifers, this structure is the ______
B. Spore
D. None of the above
C. Seed
A. Cone
Some fungi are _________
parasites (pathogenic roots)
_________ are made either sexually or asexually
Spores
These are the only fungi with flagellated spores and I thought to represent the earliest lineage of fungi?
Chytrids
Call is formed from ________ plants
A. Seedless
B. Seeded
None of the above
C. Both seeded and seedless
About _________ Million years ago, vascular plants evolved with ligning hardened vascular tissues.
425
Unlike land plants, algae.....?
D. None of the above
C. Generally have rigid tissues
A. Generally have no rigid tissues
B. Generally have no Tissues
What have complex multicellular bodies and are photosynthetic cukaryotes?
Charophytes
Gymnosperms have _______ seeds that are not produced in special chambers
Naked
Gymnosperms and angiosperms have ______ grains that carry their sperm producing cells through the air
Pollen
Gymnosperms produce ________ pollen (Winged sperm)
Airborne
What is a Coleochaete?
A simple Charophyte
_____ and _______ are formed from marine organisms
Oil and natural gas
Angiosperms are the most successful _________ plants
Terrestrial
In all plants, the gametes and embryos must be kept _________
A. Dry
C. On land
B. In sunlight
D. Moist
A ________ ________ Can develop that involves cells containing two genetically distinct haploid nuclei
Heterokaryotic stage
Which do land plants obtain?
C. CO2 from the air
B. Water and minerals from roots in the soil
A. All of the above
D. Sunlight through the leaves
_________ Mark the angiosperm lineage
B. Soils
A. Seeds
C. Flowers
D. None of the above
___________ must support their body in a non- buoyant medium?
Plants
Single cells that can grow into a new organism without fusing with another cell Are called?
A. Spores
B. Pollen
C. Zygotes
D. All of the above
Early diversification of plants gave rise to seedless, nonvascular plants called?
B. Chlorophytes
C. Flowers
D. None of the above
A. Bryophytes
Xylem (makes wood) and consists of _______ cells and conveys water and minerals
Dead
Fungal _______ are surrounded by a cell wall made of chitin instead of cellulose
Hyphae
The seedless vascular plants include?
B. Lycophytes (Including club Mosses)
A. Both B and C
D. None of the above
C. Monilophytes (ferns and relatives)
What are growth-producing regions of cell division that are found near the tips of stems and roots called?
Apical merisystems (Mitosis is happening here)