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Biology Semester Exam Review 2024

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  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    Sugar, oxygen
    ATP, oxygen
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    glucose
    fructose
    Pgal
    citric acid
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    state the problem
    analyze results
    clean up your lab station
    test hypothesis
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    neutral substance
    acid
    base
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    ATP
    electrons
    protons
    neutrons
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solvent
    solute
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    all of these
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    cytoplasm
    mitochondrai
    golgi bodies
    chloroplast
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    none of the above
    fructose
    glucose
    sucrose
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Bacteria
    Viruses
    Prokaryotes
    Eukaryotes
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    makes; breaks
    breaks; makes
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Hemoglobin
    Butter
    Sugar
    DNA
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    does not require, with
    requires, with
    requires, against
    does not require, against
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the cell uses all available ATP
    none of these
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
    the substance completely moves to the other side
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    none of these
    It comes from the splitting of water
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    starch
    sucrose
    glucose
    fructose
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    4
    36
    28
    2
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    neutral substances
    basic
    acidic
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant and animal cells
    animal cells only
    plant cells only
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    none of these
    amount of oxygen produced
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    NADPH
    FAD
    Rubisco
    Acetyl-CoA
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    none of these
    enzymes
    antibodies
    hair
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    amino acid -- protein
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    starch -- nucleic acid
    fat -- lipid
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    the krebs cycle
    none of these
    light-dependent reactions
    glycolysis
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    repeat the experiment several times
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    all of these
    yeast
    plants
    some bacteria
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    ribosome
    none of these
    lysosome
    chloroplast
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants and animals
    animals
    plants only
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    glucose
    fructose
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    multicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    36
    28
    4
    2
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    vacuole
    cell wall
    cytoskeleton
    cell membrane
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    vinegar
    salt
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    selective permeability
    permissability
    flexibility
    plasticity
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    9
    2
    14
    6
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    lard
    butter
    olive oil
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    stomach acid
    household ammonia
    vinegar
    lemon juice
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    make glucose
    initial light absorption
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    ATP
    all of these
    sugars
    proteins
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Phagocytosis
    Pinocytosis
    Diffusion
    Exocytosis
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    none of these
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    experiment, hypothesis
    hypothesis, experiment
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    none of these
    plant - heterotroph
    chlorophyll-pigment
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    it forms the macromolecules
    it can form long chains
    All of these
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    requires
    does not require
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    none of these
    carbon
    oxygen
    nitrogen
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    none of these
    foods
    byproducts
    reactants
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    hypotonic
    isometric
    isotonic
    hypertonic
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    none of the above
    during photosynthesis
    after the light-dependent reactions
    after the light-independent reactions
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    nucleus
    cell wall
    lysosomes
    cell membrane
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    photosystem II
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem I
    the Calvin Cycle
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    does not require energy to occur
    requires energy to occur
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    single/double helix
    carbon rings
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    none of the above
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
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