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Biology Semester Exam Review 2024

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  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
    none of these
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant cells only
    animal cells only
    plant and animal cells
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; lipids
    Enzymes; proteins
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    lemon juice
    household ammonia
    vinegar
    stomach acid
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solute
    solvent
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    glycolysis
    light-dependent reactions
    none of these
    the krebs cycle
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Sugar
    Butter
    DNA
    Hemoglobin
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    vinegar
    salt
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    after the light-independent reactions
    during photosynthesis
    after the light-dependent reactions
    none of the above
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    ATP
    electrons
    protons
    neutrons
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    all of these
    sugars
    proteins
    ATP
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the splitting of water
    none of these
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    It comes from the air we breathe in
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    28
    36
    4
    2
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    glucose
    starch
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Phagocytosis
    Pinocytosis
    Exocytosis
    Diffusion
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    requires energy to occur
    does not require energy to occur
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    basic
    neutral substances
    acidic
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    foods
    byproducts
    none of these
    reactants
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    none of these
    amount of oxygen produced
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    animals
    plants only
    plants and animals
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    requires
    does not require
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    none of these
    carbon
    oxygen
    nitrogen
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    none of these
    plant - heterotroph
    chlorophyll-pigment
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    all of these
    some bacteria
    plants
    yeast
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    none of the above
    carbon rings
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    single/double helix
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    fat -- lipid
    amino acid -- protein
    starch -- nucleic acid
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    hypertonic
    hypotonic
    isometric
    isotonic
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    it can form long chains
    All of these
    it forms the macromolecules
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Nitrogen
    Hydrogen
    Oxygen
    Carbon
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    state the problem
    clean up your lab station
    test hypothesis
    analyze results
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    requires, against
    does not require, with
    does not require, against
    requires, with
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    none of these
    chloroplast
    lysosome
    ribosome
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    breaks; makes
    makes; breaks
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    fructose
    sucrose
    glucose
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
    stay the same
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    repeat the experiment several times
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    fructose
    glucose
    sucrose
    none of the above
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    neutral substance
    base
    acid
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    nucleus
    cell membrane
    cell wall
    lysosomes
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    none of these
    antibodies
    hair
    enzymes
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    ATP, oxygen
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, oxygen
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the cell uses all available ATP
    none of these
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    selective permeability
    flexibility
    plasticity
    permissability
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    hypothesis, experiment
    experiment, hypothesis
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cell wall
    cytoskeleton
    cell membrane
    vacuole
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    make glucose
    initial light absorption
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    mitochondrai
    chloroplast
    cytoplasm
    golgi bodies
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    olive oil
    lard
    butter
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    Pgal
    citric acid
    glucose
    fructose
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    6
    14
    9
    2
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem I
    photosystem II
    the Calvin Cycle
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    all of these
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    28
    2
    36
    4
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    NADPH
    Acetyl-CoA
    Rubisco
    FAD
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Prokaryotes
    Eukaryotes
    Viruses
    Bacteria
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