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Biology Semester Exam Review 2024

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  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    animal cells only
    plant and animal cells
    plant cells only
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    isotonic
    hypotonic
    isometric
    hypertonic
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    28
    36
    2
    4
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    byproducts
    none of these
    reactants
    foods
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    vacuole
    cell wall
    cytoskeleton
    cell membrane
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; lipids
    Enzymes; proteins
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Phagocytosis
    Pinocytosis
    Diffusion
    Exocytosis
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    28
    4
    36
    2
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    neutrons
    electrons
    protons
    ATP
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    none of these
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
    glycolysis - anaerobic
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    antibodies
    none of these
    enzymes
    hair
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    golgi bodies
    mitochondrai
    cytoplasm
    chloroplast
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    glucose
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    neutral substance
    base
    acid
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Hemoglobin
    Butter
    DNA
    Sugar
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    after the light-independent reactions
    none of the above
    after the light-dependent reactions
    during photosynthesis
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solute
    solvent
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    olive oil
    butter
    lard
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    none of these
    It comes from the splitting of water
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Bacteria
    Eukaryotes
    Viruses
    Prokaryotes
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    household ammonia
    vinegar
    lemon juice
    stomach acid
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    ATP, oxygen
    Sugar, oxygen
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    makes; breaks
    breaks; makes
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    the krebs cycle
    none of these
    light-dependent reactions
    glycolysis
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    all of these
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    responds to the change you made on purpose
    you change on purpose to get a response
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    sucrose
    glucose
    fructose
    starch
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    repeat the experiment several times
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    yeast
    some bacteria
    all of these
    plants
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    requires energy to occur
    does not require energy to occur
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    9
    14
    6
    2
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    does not require
    requires
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    oxygen
    nitrogen
    none of these
    carbon
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    fat -- lipid
    starch -- nucleic acid
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    amino acid -- protein
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    none of these
    amount of oxygen produced
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    experiment, hypothesis
    hypothesis, experiment
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    All of these
    it can form long chains
    it forms the macromolecules
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    neutral substances
    acidic
    basic
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    none of these
    ribosome
    chloroplast
    lysosome
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    glucose
    fructose
    Pgal
    citric acid
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    vinegar
    salt
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    Acetyl-CoA
    FAD
    Rubisco
    NADPH
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    initial light absorption
    make glucose
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    flexibility
    permissability
    selective permeability
    plasticity
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    the Calvin Cycle
    photosystem II
    photosystem I
    both photosystem I & II
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    none of these
    the cell uses all available ATP
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    all of these
    sugars
    ATP
    proteins
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    lysosomes
    cell wall
    cell membrane
    nucleus
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    chlorophyll-pigment
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    plant - heterotroph
    none of these
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants only
    plants and animals
    animals
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    none of the above
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    single/double helix
    carbon rings
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    analyze results
    state the problem
    clean up your lab station
    test hypothesis
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    requires, with
    does not require, against
    does not require, with
    requires, against
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    fructose
    none of the above
    sucrose
    glucose
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