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Biology Semester Exam Review 2024

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  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Oxygen
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
    Nitrogen
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    none of these
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    amount of oxygen produced
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    foods
    reactants
    none of these
    byproducts
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it can form long chains
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    All of these
    it forms the macromolecules
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    acid
    base
    neutral substance
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Viruses
    Eukaryotes
    Prokaryotes
    Bacteria
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    lard
    olive oil
    butter
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    light-dependent reactions
    none of these
    the krebs cycle
    glycolysis
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    4
    28
    2
    36
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    flexibility
    selective permeability
    permissability
    plasticity
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cell membrane
    cell wall
    vacuole
    cytoskeleton
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    Rubisco
    NADPH
    Acetyl-CoA
    FAD
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    isometric
    hypotonic
    isotonic
    hypertonic
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    enzymes
    none of these
    hair
    antibodies
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the cell uses all available ATP
    none of these
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
    the substance completely moves to the other side
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    glucose
    citric acid
    Pgal
    fructose
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    all of these
    ATP
    sugars
    proteins
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    requires energy to occur
    does not require energy to occur
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    breaks; makes
    makes; breaks
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    nitrogen
    oxygen
    carbon
    none of these
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    none of the above
    fructose
    glucose
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the splitting of water
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    none of these
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    nucleus
    cell wall
    lysosomes
    cell membrane
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    requires, with
    does not require, with
    requires, against
    does not require, against
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    plant - heterotroph
    none of these
    chlorophyll-pigment
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    vinegar
    stomach acid
    lemon juice
    household ammonia
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    repeat the experiment several times
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    9
    6
    14
    2
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solvent
    solute
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    golgi bodies
    chloroplast
    cytoplasm
    mitochondrai
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Pinocytosis
    Diffusion
    Phagocytosis
    Exocytosis
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    hypothesis, experiment
    experiment, hypothesis
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    make glucose
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    initial light absorption
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    single/double helix
    none of the above
    carbon rings
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
    none of these
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    glycolysis - anaerobic
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    salt
    vinegar
    water
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    neutral substances
    basic
    acidic
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    glucose
    fructose
    sucrose
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    28
    2
    4
    36
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    starch -- nucleic acid
    fat -- lipid
    amino acid -- protein
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    the Calvin Cycle
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem I
    photosystem II
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants only
    animals
    plants and animals
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    ATP, oxygen
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, oxygen
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    glucose
    starch
    sucrose
    fructose
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    analyze results
    clean up your lab station
    state the problem
    test hypothesis
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    all of these
    plants
    yeast
    some bacteria
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    ribosome
    none of these
    chloroplast
    lysosome
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    does not require
    requires
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    during photosynthesis
    none of the above
    after the light-independent reactions
    after the light-dependent reactions
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    protons
    ATP
    electrons
    neutrons
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant and animal cells
    animal cells only
    plant cells only
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    all of these
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    DNA
    Sugar
    Butter
    Hemoglobin
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
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