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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    breaks; makes
    makes; breaks
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    amino acid -- protein
    starch -- nucleic acid
    fat -- lipid
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Viruses
    Bacteria
    Eukaryotes
    Prokaryotes
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    none of these
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    amount of oxygen produced
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    butter
    olive oil
    lard
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    DNA
    Hemoglobin
    Sugar
    Butter
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    neutrons
    electrons
    ATP
    protons
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    acidic
    basic
    neutral substances
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solute
    solvent
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    6
    14
    2
    9
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    chlorophyll-pigment
    none of these
    plant - heterotroph
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    selective permeability
    flexibility
    plasticity
    permissability
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    none of the above
    after the light-independent reactions
    after the light-dependent reactions
    during photosynthesis
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    none of these
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    none of these
    chloroplast
    ribosome
    lysosome
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    2
    28
    36
    4
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    requires
    does not require
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    animal cells only
    plant and animal cells
    plant cells only
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    hair
    antibodies
    enzymes
    none of these
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    the Calvin Cycle
    photosystem II
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem I
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    fructose
    glucose
    starch
    sucrose
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Nitrogen
    Oxygen
    Hydrogen
    Carbon
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    glucose
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    initial light absorption
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    make glucose
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    cytoplasm
    chloroplast
    golgi bodies
    mitochondrai
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    glucose
    fructose
    citric acid
    Pgal
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    all of these
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    vinegar
    salt
    water
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    animals
    plants only
    plants and animals
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    vinegar
    lemon juice
    stomach acid
    household ammonia
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
    stay the same
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    ATP, oxygen
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, oxygen
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    glucose
    none of the above
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    repeat the experiment several times
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    carbon
    oxygen
    none of these
    nitrogen
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    foods
    byproducts
    none of these
    reactants
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    neutral substance
    base
    acid
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    hypothesis, experiment
    experiment, hypothesis
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    requires, against
    does not require, with
    does not require, against
    requires, with
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    requires energy to occur
    does not require energy to occur
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    all of these
    proteins
    ATP
    sugars
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    none of the above
    single/double helix
    carbon rings
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    plants
    yeast
    all of these
    some bacteria
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    nucleus
    cell wall
    cell membrane
    lysosomes
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    36
    28
    4
    2
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    state the problem
    analyze results
    clean up your lab station
    test hypothesis
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    isometric
    hypotonic
    isotonic
    hypertonic
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the splitting of water
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    none of these
    It comes from the air we breathe in
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it forms the macromolecules
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    All of these
    it can form long chains
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    responds to the change you made on purpose
    you change on purpose to get a response
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Diffusion
    Exocytosis
    Pinocytosis
    Phagocytosis
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    Acetyl-CoA
    NADPH
    FAD
    Rubisco
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    light-dependent reactions
    none of these
    the krebs cycle
    glycolysis
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    vacuole
    cell membrane
    cytoskeleton
    cell wall
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
    the cell uses all available ATP
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    none of these
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