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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    breaks; makes
    makes; breaks
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    reactants
    none of these
    foods
    byproducts
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    enzymes
    none of these
    hair
    antibodies
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    neutrons
    protons
    electrons
    ATP
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Sugar
    DNA
    Hemoglobin
    Butter
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    isometric
    hypertonic
    isotonic
    hypotonic
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    none of these
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    4
    2
    28
    36
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Prokaryotes
    Viruses
    Eukaryotes
    Bacteria
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    does not require, with
    requires, against
    requires, with
    does not require, against
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant cells only
    animal cells only
    plant and animal cells
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    citric acid
    Pgal
    glucose
    fructose
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    14
    2
    9
    6
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
    stay the same
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Hydrogen
    Carbon
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solute
    solvent
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    experiment, hypothesis
    hypothesis, experiment
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    all of these
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    none of these
    the krebs cycle
    glycolysis
    light-dependent reactions
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    base
    neutral substance
    acid
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    analyze results
    clean up your lab station
    test hypothesis
    state the problem
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    initial light absorption
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    make glucose
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    basic
    acidic
    neutral substances
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it forms the macromolecules
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    All of these
    it can form long chains
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem II
    the Calvin Cycle
    photosystem I
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    Acetyl-CoA
    FAD
    NADPH
    Rubisco
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    plant - heterotroph
    none of these
    chlorophyll-pigment
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    yeast
    plants
    all of these
    some bacteria
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    ATP, oxygen
    Sugar, oxygen
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    ATP, carbon dioxide
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the splitting of water
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    none of these
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    sugars
    proteins
    ATP
    all of these
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    none of these
    the cell uses all available ATP
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    glucose
    fructose
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    responds to the change you made on purpose
    you change on purpose to get a response
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    amount of oxygen produced
    none of these
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    2
    36
    28
    4
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    starch -- nucleic acid
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    amino acid -- protein
    fat -- lipid
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    lard
    butter
    olive oil
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cytoskeleton
    cell membrane
    vacuole
    cell wall
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    after the light-dependent reactions
    none of the above
    during photosynthesis
    after the light-independent reactions
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    fructose
    glucose
    starch
    sucrose
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    chloroplast
    ribosome
    none of these
    lysosome
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    carbon rings
    none of the above
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    single/double helix
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    requires energy to occur
    does not require energy to occur
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    cell membrane
    lysosomes
    cell wall
    nucleus
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    carbon
    none of these
    nitrogen
    oxygen
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Pinocytosis
    Phagocytosis
    Diffusion
    Exocytosis
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    does not require
    requires
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    glucose
    none of the above
    fructose
    sucrose
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    repeat the experiment several times
    accept results & move on to another experiment
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    plasticity
    permissability
    flexibility
    selective permeability
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    household ammonia
    lemon juice
    vinegar
    stomach acid
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    salt
    vinegar
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    golgi bodies
    chloroplast
    mitochondrai
    cytoplasm
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants and animals
    animals
    plants only
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