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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    vinegar
    salt
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    initial light absorption
    make glucose
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    DNA
    Hemoglobin
    Sugar
    Butter
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    chloroplast
    lysosome
    ribosome
    none of these
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    does not require energy to occur
    requires energy to occur
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    plasticity
    selective permeability
    permissability
    flexibility
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    does not require, with
    requires, against
    requires, with
    does not require, against
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    neutral substance
    base
    acid
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants only
    animals
    plants and animals
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    shrink (shrivel)
    stay the same
    swell (burst)
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    acidic
    neutral substances
    basic
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    starch -- nucleic acid
    fat -- lipid
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    amino acid -- protein
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    amount of oxygen produced
    none of these
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    glucose
    fructose
    citric acid
    Pgal
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    byproducts
    none of these
    reactants
    foods
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    makes; breaks
    breaks; makes
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem II
    the Calvin Cycle
    photosystem I
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    none of these
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
    glycolysis - anaerobic
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    Acetyl-CoA
    NADPH
    FAD
    Rubisco
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
    stay the same
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    sugars
    ATP
    proteins
    all of these
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    it can form long chains
    it forms the macromolecules
    All of these
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    glucose
    fructose
    starch
    sucrose
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    repeat the experiment several times
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    accept results & move on to another experiment
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Viruses
    Bacteria
    Eukaryotes
    Prokaryotes
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Exocytosis
    Diffusion
    Phagocytosis
    Pinocytosis
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cell wall
    cytoskeleton
    vacuole
    cell membrane
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    none of the above
    glucose
    sucrose
    fructose
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    9
    6
    14
    2
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    hypothesis, experiment
    experiment, hypothesis
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    neutrons
    protons
    ATP
    electrons
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    all of these
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    yeast
    plants
    some bacteria
    all of these
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    olive oil
    lard
    butter
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    after the light-dependent reactions
    during photosynthesis
    after the light-independent reactions
    none of the above
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    2
    36
    28
    4
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solute
    solvent
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    glucose
    fructose
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    the krebs cycle
    none of these
    light-dependent reactions
    glycolysis
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    oxygen
    none of these
    nitrogen
    carbon
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant cells only
    animal cells only
    plant and animal cells
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    hypertonic
    hypotonic
    isotonic
    isometric
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    ATP, oxygen
    Sugar, oxygen
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    carbon rings
    none of the above
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    single/double helix
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Oxygen
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
    Nitrogen
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    nucleus
    lysosomes
    cell membrane
    cell wall
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    the cell uses all available ATP
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
    none of these
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    chlorophyll-pigment
    plant - heterotroph
    none of these
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    golgi bodies
    chloroplast
    mitochondrai
    cytoplasm
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    requires
    does not require
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    none of these
    It comes from the splitting of water
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    It comes from the air we breathe in
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    none of these
    antibodies
    hair
    enzymes
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    2
    28
    36
    4
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    state the problem
    clean up your lab station
    analyze results
    test hypothesis
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    household ammonia
    stomach acid
    vinegar
    lemon juice
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