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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    It comes from the splitting of water
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    none of these
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Viruses
    Prokaryotes
    Eukaryotes
    Bacteria
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    enzymes
    hair
    none of these
    antibodies
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    repeat the experiment several times
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    accept results & move on to another experiment
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    2
    36
    4
    28
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it forms the macromolecules
    it can form long chains
    All of these
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    hypothesis, experiment
    experiment, hypothesis
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    fructose
    none of the above
    glucose
    sucrose
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    ribosome
    lysosome
    none of these
    chloroplast
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    olive oil
    butter
    lard
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    base
    neutral substance
    acid
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant and animal cells
    animal cells only
    plant cells only
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    starch -- nucleic acid
    amino acid -- protein
    fat -- lipid
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    DNA
    Sugar
    Hemoglobin
    Butter
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    nucleus
    cell wall
    cell membrane
    lysosomes
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants only
    plants and animals
    animals
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    none of the above
    during photosynthesis
    after the light-dependent reactions
    after the light-independent reactions
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    requires energy to occur
    does not require energy to occur
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    single/double helix
    carbon rings
    none of the above
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    does not require
    requires
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    chlorophyll-pigment
    plant - heterotroph
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    none of these
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    multicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    ATP, oxygen
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, oxygen
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    test hypothesis
    state the problem
    analyze results
    clean up your lab station
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    initial light absorption
    make glucose
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    neutrons
    electrons
    protons
    ATP
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    6
    14
    2
    9
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    2
    36
    4
    28
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    glycolysis
    light-dependent reactions
    the krebs cycle
    none of these
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cell membrane
    vacuole
    cell wall
    cytoskeleton
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    none of these
    reactants
    foods
    byproducts
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    fructose
    sucrose
    glucose
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    the Calvin Cycle
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem II
    photosystem I
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    NADPH
    Acetyl-CoA
    FAD
    Rubisco
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    fructose
    glucose
    sucrose
    starch
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    Pgal
    glucose
    citric acid
    fructose
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    amount of oxygen produced
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    none of these
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
    stay the same
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    household ammonia
    vinegar
    stomach acid
    lemon juice
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    selective permeability
    flexibility
    permissability
    plasticity
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    salt
    vinegar
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    none of these
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    sugars
    proteins
    all of these
    ATP
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    hypotonic
    hypertonic
    isometric
    isotonic
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    plants
    yeast
    some bacteria
    all of these
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    breaks; makes
    makes; breaks
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the cell uses all available ATP
    none of these
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    nitrogen
    none of these
    carbon
    oxygen
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solute
    solvent
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    basic
    neutral substances
    acidic
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Pinocytosis
    Exocytosis
    Diffusion
    Phagocytosis
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    all of these
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    requires, with
    does not require, against
    does not require, with
    requires, against
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Nitrogen
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
    Oxygen
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    cytoplasm
    golgi bodies
    chloroplast
    mitochondrai
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
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