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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    requires
    does not require
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    household ammonia
    vinegar
    stomach acid
    lemon juice
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    starch
    fructose
    sucrose
    glucose
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    isometric
    isotonic
    hypotonic
    hypertonic
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    hypothesis, experiment
    experiment, hypothesis
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    cell membrane
    lysosomes
    nucleus
    cell wall
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    golgi bodies
    chloroplast
    mitochondrai
    cytoplasm
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    ATP
    protons
    electrons
    neutrons
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    none of these
    reactants
    byproducts
    foods
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    none of these
    chlorophyll-pigment
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    plant - heterotroph
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    does not require energy to occur
    requires energy to occur
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    none of these
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    It comes from the splitting of water
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    28
    2
    4
    36
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; lipids
    Enzymes; proteins
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    none of the above
    glucose
    sucrose
    fructose
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    make glucose
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    initial light absorption
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Butter
    DNA
    Sugar
    Hemoglobin
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    multicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    none of these
    glycolysis
    light-dependent reactions
    the krebs cycle
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solute
    solvent
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    base
    neutral substance
    acid
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    vacuole
    cell membrane
    cell wall
    cytoskeleton
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
    all of these
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    lard
    butter
    olive oil
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    photosystem II
    the Calvin Cycle
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem I
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of oxygen produced
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    none of these
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    none of these
    hair
    antibodies
    enzymes
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    flexibility
    selective permeability
    permissability
    plasticity
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    FAD
    Rubisco
    NADPH
    Acetyl-CoA
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it forms the macromolecules
    it can form long chains
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    All of these
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    amino acid -- protein
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    fat -- lipid
    starch -- nucleic acid
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    repeat the experiment several times
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    some bacteria
    plants
    yeast
    all of these
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    chloroplast
    lysosome
    none of these
    ribosome
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    fructose
    glucose
    Pgal
    citric acid
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    28
    2
    4
    36
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    basic
    neutral substances
    acidic
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    9
    14
    2
    6
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Bacteria
    Eukaryotes
    Viruses
    Prokaryotes
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant and animal cells
    animal cells only
    plant cells only
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Hydrogen
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen
    Carbon
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    Sugar, oxygen
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    ATP, oxygen
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    nitrogen
    oxygen
    carbon
    none of these
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    none of the above
    single/double helix
    carbon rings
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    after the light-independent reactions
    after the light-dependent reactions
    during photosynthesis
    none of the above
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    state the problem
    analyze results
    test hypothesis
    clean up your lab station
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Pinocytosis
    Exocytosis
    Diffusion
    Phagocytosis
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    none of these
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    makes; breaks
    breaks; makes
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    animals
    plants and animals
    plants only
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    does not require, against
    requires, against
    requires, with
    does not require, with
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    proteins
    sugars
    all of these
    ATP
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    vinegar
    salt
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    glucose
    fructose
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    none of these
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
    the cell uses all available ATP
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