Name the 3 stages of river.
The upper stage, the middle course and the lower course.
Why was a flood relief scheme needed in Mallow?
Mallow has a long history of river flooding from the River Blackwater. The aim of the relief was to prevent the town from serious flood damage.
What is a river?
A river is fresh water flowing across the surface of the land, usually to the sea.
Why is the soil on a flood plain good for growing crops.
As flood plains are covered in fertile soil, known as alluvium.
What is a delta?
A fan-shaped area of land found at the mouth of a river.
Give 2 reasons why a river may deposit its load.
A river will slow down and lose its energy.
How is a meander formed?
Water is faster on the outer bend of a river and erodes by hydraulic action and abrasion. Water flows slower on the inside bend and deposits material.
Name the 3 processes of a river.
Erosion, transport and deposition.
Name 2 features of the lower course of a river.
Ox-bow lakes, flood plains, deltas and levees.
Name 3 features of the upper stage of a river.
V-shaped valley, interlocking spurs and waterfalls.
What are oxbow lakes? How are they formed?
Horseshoe shaped lakes found on flood plains. Formed by erosion and deposition, where the neck of a meander becomes narrower and alluvium seals the neck up.
What is a tributary?
A stream or a river that joins a larger river.
What is a confluence?
The point where a river joins a larger one.
Name 2 features of the middle stage of a river.
Meanders and wider valleys.
Explain what is meant by settlement near rivers.
Historically people settled near rivers so they had a supply go water for cooking, drinking, transport, agriculture and hygiene purposes.
Name the 4 methods of transportation.
Traction, saltation, suspension and solution.
Name the 4 methods of river erosion.
Hydraulic action, abrasion, solution and attrition.
What is the estuary?
Part of the river mouth that is tidal.