What does the trachea branch into?
Right and left bronchi (also made of cartilage)
What are the signs/symptoms of laryngitis? (4)
1) Hoarseness 2) Loss of voice (aphonia) 3) Sore throat 4) Painful swallowing (dysphagia)
What is the primary cause of COPD?
Smoking!
What passes through the pharynx? (2)
Food and air
1) What does hemoptysis mean? 2) How do we treat it?
1) Spitting/coughing up blood. 2) Treat the underlying cause.
Which number represents the bronchioles?
10
What is the main organ of the respiratory system?
Lungs
What divides the nose into 2 sides?
Nasal septum (cartilage)
1) What causes an upper respiratory infection (URI)? 2) Is it contagious?
1) Virus (sometimes bacteria, but not as often) 2) Contagious
Which number represents the larynx?
3
1) What is the leading cause of cancer death? 2) Why?
1) Lung cancer. 2) Signs and symptoms typically only occur when the disease is more advanced.
What does the larynx contain?
Vocal cords (or vocal folds)
_____________ is the exchange between the air and the lungs (inhalation and exhalation).
Ventilation
What is the trachea composed of (and why)?
C-shaped cartilage rings that give it rigidity and allow it to stay open at all times.
What are some risk factors for sinusitis? (5)
1) Infection/pathogen 2) Allergies 3) Nasal polyps 4) Deviated septum 5) Tooth infection
What happens during an asthma attack? (3)
1) Bronchospasms narrow the bronchioles. 2) Mucus production increases. 3) Edema (swelling) develops in the mucosal lining.
What is the meaning of the combining form "coni/o"?
dust
What happens to the chest cavity during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts (flattens downward), intercostal muscles raise the ribs, and chest cavity increases in size.
1) What is the inflammation of the tonsils? 2) What is the most common cause?
1) Tonsillitis 2) Virus (sometimes bacteria- strep)
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "epiglott/o" and 2) "sinus/o"?
1) epiglottis, 2) sinus
What is the meaning of the combining forms "bronch/o" and "bronchi/o"?
bronchus
What causes laryngitis? (2)
1) Respiratory infections 2) Overuse of larynx (vocal cords)
How many lobes are in each lung?
3 lobes in right lung, 2 lobes in left lung
Which number represents the left bronchus?
9
Which structures make up the upper respiratory tract? (4-5)
1) Nasal cavity (and oral cavity) 2) Sinuses 3) Pharynx 4) Larynx
What is the meaning of the combining form "atel/o"?
incomplete, imperfect
What is the larynx commonly called?
Voice Box
Largest cartilage that makes up the larynx. (more prominent in men)
Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple)
Dyspnea, feeling of suffocation, barrel chest, chronic cough, cyanosis, rapid respirations, and prolonged expiration are signs and symptoms of _______________.
Emphysema
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "cyan/o" and 2) "trache/o"?
1) blue, 2) trachea
What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?
1) Nasopharynx (top, behind the nose) 2) Oropharynx (middle, behind the mouth) 3) Laryngopharynx (bottom, behind the larynx)
Inflammation of the cavities around the nasal passages.
Sinusitis
What is laryngitis?
Inflammation of the larynx.
Which structures make up the lower respiratory tract? (5)
1) Trachea 2) Lungs 3) Bronchi 4) Bronchioles 5) Alveoli
How does the nose offer protection to the body?
Filtration (Mucous membranes captures debris. Cilia sweeps it away.)
1) What causes influenza? 2) Is it contagious?
1) Virus 2) Highly contagious
1) What does COPD stand for? 2) What type of disease does it describe?
1) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2) Any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways.
1) What is bronchitis? 2) What are the 2 types?
1) Inflammation of the bronchi. 2) Acute and chronic.
What causes emphysema? (2)
1) Heavy smoking. 2) Prolonged exposure to air pollutants.
What happens to the chest cavity during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes, intercostal muscles lower the ribs, and chest cavity decreases in size.
What is the meaning of the suffix "-ptysis"?
spitting
What lines the bronchioles?
Smooth muscle tissue (to allow them to contract or dilate)
What is internal respiration?
Exchange of gases between the cells of the body and bloodstream. (occurs within the body)
What is the meaning of the suffix "-phonia"?
voice
What surrounds each lung and why?
Thin, double layer membrane called pleura. Protects against the friction of breathing and moisture to allow movement.
What is pleurisy?
Inflammation of the pleura (lining of the lungs).
Which number represents the alveoli?
11
What are alveoli?
Tiny air sacs (only one cell thick), surrounded by capillaries at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange happens.
How should epistaxis be treated? (4)
1) Pinch the nostrils and tilt head slightly forward 2) Cold compress 3) Nasal packing 4) Treat the underlying cause
What are the primary signs/symptoms of pleurisy? (2)
1) Sharp pain during breathing (dyspnea). 2) Grating sound in the lungs during breathing.
What is external respiration?
Exchange of gases between the lungs and bloodstream. (occurs in the alveoli)
Lowermost cartilage of the larynx.
Cricoid cartilage
How do bronchodilators treat asthma?
Delivered via an inhaler and enlarge the bronchioles.
What is often referred to as the throat?
Pharynx
What are sinuses and where are they located?
Air filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity.
What is the function of the bronchi?
Act as a passageway from the trachea into lungs.
What do the bronchi branch into?
Bronchioles
Name the 4 sinus cavities.
1) Frontal (forehead) 2) Ethmoidal (between eyes) 3) Sphenoidal (behind nose) 4) Maxillary (cheeks)
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Covers the opening of the larynx (glottis)/prevents food from entering the larynx when swallowing.
What is the meaning of the combining forms "pneum/o", "pneumon/o", and "pulmon/o"?
lung, air
What is the correct order of the respiratory tract starting with the nasal/oral cavities and ending in the capillaries? (10)
1) Nasal/oral cavity 2) Pharynx 3) Epiglottis 4) Larynx 5) Trachea 6) Bronchi 7) Lungs 8) Bronchioles 9) Alveoli 10) Capillaries
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "alveol/o" and 2) "ox/o"/"oxi/o"?
1) alveolus, 2) oxygen
What is the difference between latent and active tuberculosis?
Latent- bacteria engulfed by wbc's remain in tubercles in the lungs. Active- bacteria is not contained and person is sick.
What causes tuberculosis?
Bacteria- mycobacterium tuberculosis
_______________ is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and different tissues. (general term)
Respiration
What is the meaning of the suffix "-osmia"?
smell
What is another word for nosebleed?
Epistaxis
What is inflammation or infection of the lungs characterized by exudate (pus) in the alveoli?
Pneumonia
Which number represents the diaphragm?
6
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-20 respirations per minute
Which number represents the pharynx?
7
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "laryng/o" and 2) "pharyng/o"?
1) larynx, 2) pharynx
Which number represents the trachea?
8
What is the meaning of "hal/o", "spir/o", and "-pnea"?
breathe, breathing
What are the functions of the sinuses? (2)
1) Warm and moisten air. 2) Amplify the tone of voice/give resonance to voice.
What is another word for trachea?
Windpipe
Name the functions of the respiratory system. (5)
1) Transport air into the lungs. 2) Deliver O2 to the cells of the body. 3) Remove CO2 from the body. 4) Protect against inhaled substances. 5) Produce sound.
What part of the respiratory system is affected by emphysema?
Alveoli. The walls deteriorate and lose their elasticity.
What is the meaning of the suffix "-capnia"?
carbon dioxide
What makes up one respiration?
One inspiration (inhale) and one expiration (exhale)
What are some causes of pneumonia? (4)
1) Bacteria 2) Virus 3) Chemicals 4) Aspiration