Which of the following are present in ALL virions?
Nucleic acids, capsomeres, capsid, protomers
RNA, capsomeres, capsid, protomers, envelope
Capsomeres, nucleic acids, ribosomes, protomers, envelope
Ribosomes, nucleic acids, capsid, protomers
The process in which two viruses mix and match parts of their genome is called _____.
antigenic shift
genetic diversity
genetic reassortment
genetic deviation
During the process of viral replication _____.
the virus uses the host cell to copy the viral genoome
the virus copies the genetic material of the host cell
nothing happens with the viral genome
viral RNA is always transformed into viral DNA
A scientist identifies a strand of RNA that can be used directly to code for important viral proteins during viral replication. What have they found?
-RNA
RNA minor
+RNA
RNA major
Which of the following statements about +ssRNA viruses is TRUE?
They're converted to DNA before replication.
They're converted into a dsRNA virus before replication.
They don't need a prepackaged RdRp.
They're unable use the host cell's machinery to make protein
RNA viruses replicate in the:
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is TRUE about antigenic drift?
It results in the genome reasserting.
It causes major changes in the flu virus.
It causes minor changes in the flu virus.
It does not cause any changes in the flu virus.
Which of the following statements about DNA viruses that affect humans is FALSE?
They replicate in the nucleus.
They use the host's enzymes to replicate.
They are single-stranded.
They use the host cell's internal machinery to replicate.
Why are ribosomes important in the replication of DNA viruses?
They produce proteins.
They produce lipids.
They synthesize carbohydrates.
They produce dsDNA.
A virus that infects a bacteria is known as a(n):
Prokayrophage
Bacteriovirus
Bacteriophage
Eukaryophage
Which of the following refers to the process by which viruses are expelled out of their host cell?
Viral shedding
Attachment
Maturation
The lytic cycle
Which of the following best describes a polymerase?
It is an enzyme that blocks the formation of nucleic acids.
It is an enzyme that slows the formation of DNA.
It's ribosome that catalyzes the formation of nucleic acid
It is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nucleic acid
A temperate virus is one that will first _____.
cause apoptosis
lie dormant or cause a latent infection
avoid the lysogenic cycle
enter the lytic cycle
Which of the following is the best definition of a virion?
An infective virus outside of a host
An inert virus outside of a host
An inert virus inside of a host
A virus which has infected a bacteria
How are glycoproteins important for a virus?
Glycoproteins allow the virus to move in the blood.
Glycoproteins allow for conservation of energy
Glycoproteins allow the virus to have a complex structure.
Glycoproteins help the virus infect another cell.
Which of the following is TRUE about an antigenic shift?
It does not cause any changes in the flu virus.
It causes major changes in the flu virus.
It avoids genetic reassortment.
It causes minor changes in the flu virus.
Why is smallpox a notable exception to the general replication scheme of DNA viruses?
It replicates in the cytoplasm.
It is a retrovirus.
It replicates only in the nucleus.
It is a single-stranded DNA virus.
Reverse transcriptase helps to convert:
ssDNA into dsRNA.
ssRNA into dsDNA.
dsDNA into ssRNA.
dsRNA into ssDNA.
Which of the following is NOT a method of viral release?
Budding
Injection
Exocytosis
Cell bursting
The process whereby DNA is converted into mRNA is known as:
Latency
Transcription
Replication
Translation
DNA viruses replicate in the:
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of a viral envelope?
It increases infectivity of the virus.
It helps the virus attach to the host.
It replaces the capsid.
It allows the host to recognise the virus.