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ES Q1 Test Review

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  • Which soil horizon is made up of bed rock?
    R
  • Describe how a delta forms
    Once a river enters the ocean, the current slows down; a buildup of sediments from deltas
  • What 2 factors affect the rate of erosion?
    temperature and precipitation
  • Topography is a factor of soil formation, what is the difference between the North side and South side of mountain?
    South- more sun, more vegetation, less erosion; North-less sun, less vegetation, more eroision
  • What processes form soil?
    chemical and mechanical weathering
  • What is a wind barrier?
    A farming method, trees or other vegetation are planted perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
  • What are the factors of soil formation?
    climate, topography, parent material, biological activity, time,
  • What is soil?
    the loose covering of weathered rock particles and decaying organic matter, humus, overlying bedrock of Earth's surface
  • What is soil texture?
    the classification of particles of soil
  • What is a soil horizon?
    a distinct layer within a soil profile
  • Which type of erosion moves over the longest distance?
    wind erosion
    glacial erosion
    wave action
    living things
  • Which type of erosion involves constant water movement to create continous erosion?
    glacial erosion
    rivers and streams
    wind erosion
    waves
  • What are the classification of soil textures (smallest to largest)?
    clay, silt, sand
  • What is a soil profile?
    a vertial sequence of soil layers
  • Which process is gravity a factor?
    erosion, eventually every sediment is pulled downward (down a mountain, pulled down in water, etc...)
  • Which soil horizon has weathered rock and dark brown to black organic matter?
    A
  • Between which soil horizons does hardpand form?
    between soil horizons B & C
  • What is erosion?
    The removal of weathered rock and soil from its original location
  • Carbon dioxide mixes with water to form ......
    carbonic acid
  • When soil forms in a specific area from the bedrock it is ____ soil.
    residual
  • Soil forms over .......
    thousands of years.
  • What is oxidation?
    The chemical reation of oxygen with other substances.
  • Which types of erosoin can move against gravity?
    wave action
    wind erosion
    glacial erosion
    Living things
  • What is soil fertility?
    the measure of how well a soil can support the growth of plants
  • Define mechanical weathering
    a type of weathering in which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces. Only a change in size or shape
  • What is deposition?
    the process of particles/sediments being dropped in another location
  • What is hard pan (in a soil profile)?
    a hard layer of accumulated minerals
  • In which type of area is wind a large erosional agent?
    desert
  • Which soil horizon is called "zone of accumulation" or has red/brown coloring?
    B
  • Describe the process of frost wedging. What type of weathering is it?
    Water expands and freezes causing mechanical weathering of rocks
  • Describe how rivers deposit large amounts of sediments in regions where they enter an ocean?
    Once a river enters the ocean, the current slows down,
  • What is exfoliation?
    The process by which outer layers of rock can be stripped away
  • Which soil horizon is made up of the top layer, humus, and leaf litter
    O
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