A small, circulalr DNA strand that is found in the cytoplasm and can be traded with other bacteria is known as ____________.
A plasmid
Can human DNA, such as a gene for human insulin, be inserted into a bacteria plasmid?
Yes! This is how GMO's are created.
What is an endospore?
An endospore is an asexual structure that protects bacterial DNA and allows the bacteria to go dormant when environmental or nutritional conditions get bad.
A bacterial infection of the lungs can be caused by ______________.
Pneumonia
A bacterial disease that can be contracted after handling dead animals.
Anthrax
Rod shaped bacteria are known as _____________
Bacilli (plural) or Bacillus (singular).
Antibiotics that target Transfer RNA (tRNA) or Messenger RNA (mRNA) are actually targeting the _______________.
ribosome
Round shaped bacteria, either single cells, or in colonial groups, are known as ____________.
Cocci
What does a flagellum do for a bacteria?
A flagellum allows for locomotion or movement. In the case of bacteria the movement is comparable to swimming.
How are bacterial chromosomes similar and different from human chromosomes?
Bacterial DNA is double stranded but exists as a circular loop instead of a linear strand.
This round bacteria that exists as chain-like colonies is known as _____________.
Streptococcus (singular) or Streptococci (plural). This can cause Strep Throat and other nasty infections.
What happens when a bacteria gains impermeability?
The cell wall becomes so thick antibiotics cannot get into the bacteria. This will cause antibiotic resistance.
What is antibiotic resistance?
A phenomena that occurs when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.
Why are the ribosomes in bacteria always considered to be "free floating"?
Because bacteria have no fatty internal membranes for ribosomes to attach to.
Which has the thicker peptidoglycan layer in the cell walls? Gram Positive or Gram Negative Bacteria?
Gram Positive Bacteria have a thicker pepdioglycan layer in the cell walls.
For a bacteria, where does protein digestion take place?
Excreted enzmyes will allow digestion of the protein outside its "body". Small proteins diffuse into the cytoplasm and are digested internally as well.
If bacterial genes mutate, and a protein that an antibiotic can target gets altered, this type of antibiotic resistance is known as ___________.
modification
A bacteria that humans need in their intestines but can also cause food poisoining.
E. coli
What are four horrible circumstances that an endospore can survive?
Starvation, UV radiation, desiccation, and high or cold temperatures
A bacteria that creates a toxin that cosmetic surgeons use for Botox treatments.
Clostridium botulinum
An organism without a nucleus in its only cell will typically be classified as _____________ and ___________
prokaryotic and unicellular
What is a bacterial genome?
The sum total of a bacteria's DNA, or ALL of the DNA and genes needed for a bacteria to be a bacteria.