What is the difference between intrusive igneous rock and extrusive igneous rock?
Intrusive igneous rock forms from magma underground, and extrusive igneous rock forms from lava above ground.
Which type of rock forms if a rock is melted down and then crystallizes?
igneous
What causes a rock to change into a metamorphic rock?
heat & pressure
What causes a rock to change into an igneous rock?
melting, cooling, & crystallization
Mineral X is non-metallic and shows fracture. Scratch tests determine that its hardness is 7. The mineral is red, but the streak is white. What is Mineral X?
Garnet
In the rock cycle, which process comes after erosion?
deposition
The mineral muscovite breaks along a single plane to form flat sheets. What do you call this property of breaking along smooth, flat planes?
cleavage
Describe the concept of the rock cycle.
Rocks are always changing, and any type of rock can be turned into another type by natural processes.
What is the softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
talc
Bill finds a mineral that has the color and luster of gold. He rubs the mineral on a tile and sees that its streak is greenish-black, meaning it's really pyrite. What was the test that Bill used to determine if he had found real gold?
streak test
If I scratch a mineral with a copper penny, which mineral property am I testing?
hardness
Which type of rock is MOST likely to contain fossils?
sedimentary
Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. That means that granite is what type of rock?
igneous
Which type of rock is formed under high heat and pressure, but is not melted?
metamorphic
Which processes turn any rock into sediment?
weathering & erosion
Based on the pictures and descriptions, classify each of these rocks.
1: sedimentary, 2: sedimentary, 3: metamorphic, 4: igneous
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is below ground, and lava is above ground.
Meg’s teacher asks her to do a scratch test to identify an unknown mineral. Meg discovers that Feldspar can scratch the mineral, but Fluorite cannot scratch it. Which mineral must it be?
Apatite
What are some things that rocks are made of?
Minerals, pieces of rocks, soil, organic materials
True or False: When a rock has gone through every stage of the rock cycle, it is done changing.
False
If a mineral shines like metal, which luster category does it belong in?
metallic
What will happen to the magma at location E once it cools and crystallizes?
It will form igneous rock.
This diagram shows one way rocks are formed. Which type of rock is formed by these processes?
sedimentary
How do geologists classify rocks?
By how they're formed
Which natural processes are happening at point D on this diagram of the rock cycle?
cooling & crystallization